ULUSLARARASI GÖÇ VE MÜLTECİ YÖNETİMİ İÇİN BÜYÜK VERİ KULLANIMININ AVANTAJ VE DEZAVANTAJLARININ SİSTEMATİK ANALİZİ

Göç ve mülteci sorunları yasadığımız yüzyılın en yürek burkan ve can sıkıcı insani sorunları arasında maalesef ilk sırada yer alıyor. Bu krizler, özellikle Suriye’de, Afganistan’da, Yemen’de, Venezüella’da, Myanmar’da devam eden halk ayaklanmaları, iç savaş ve terörizmin milyonlarca insanın komşu ülkelere sığınmasıyla ikinci dünya savaşından günümüze kadar görülmemiş bir seviyeye ulaşmış durumdadır. Birleşmiş Milletler raporlarına göre, günümüz itibari ile, toplam uluslararası göçmen sayısı yaklaşık 280 milyon olmakla birlikte zorla yerinden edilen insan sayısı 80 milyonu, toplam mülteci sayısı ise 26 milyonu geçmiş durumdadır.** Yüksek insan hareketliliği karşısında ev sahibi ülkeler özellikle temel kamu hizmetlerinin daha kaliteli sunulması konusunda baskı altında kalmışlardır. Sunulan hizmetlerin istenilen seviyelerde olmamasının birçok nedeni olmakla beraber veri eksikliği önemli sebeplerden biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Devam eden göçmen krizleri karşısında hizmet kalitesinin arttırılması ve gerekli düzeyde sağlanması için, ev sahibi ülkeler başta olmak üzere hükümetlerin ve sivil toplum kuruluşlarının bireyleri ve verileri yeniden gözden geçirmesi ve daha kaliteli veri elde etmenin yollarını bulmaları gereklilik arz etmektedir. Ayrıca, göçmen kaçaklığı, göç esnasında deniz yolunu kullananların ölümleri, ulaştıkları noktalarda karşılaştıkları kötü muamele gibi olumsuz sonuçların önlenmesi için elde edilen verilerin yeterli ve güvenilir olması büyük bir önem teşkil etmektedir. Bu noktada, Büyük Veri (Big Data) kavramı birçok alanda olduğu gibi göç alanında da önümüze bir kavram olarak çıkmaktadır. Makale, devletlerin uluslararası korumaya ihtiyaç duyan göçmenleri tanımlamak ve onlara yardımcı olmak için mevcut teknolojileri ve büyük veriyi neden kullanmaları konusunu tartışmaktadır. Göçmenlerin yaşam hakkının korunmasına, işkence, insanlık dışı ve aşağılayıcı muamelenin yasaklanmasına, kölelik ve zorla çalıştırmanın yasaklanmasına karşı büyük verinin uluslararası arenada elde ettiği avantaj ve fırsatlara değinilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, makale ayrıca, özellikle göçmenlerin gizlilik ve veri koruma hakkının korunması ile ilgili olarak, yeni teknolojilerin sınırsız kullanımından kaynaklanan dezavantaj, sınırları ve riskleri de detaylı bir literatür yardımı ile incelenmiştir.

SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING BIG DATA IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND REFUGEES

Migration and refugee crises unfortunately rank first among the most heart-wrenching and vexatious humanitarian problems of this century. Especially, the ongoing civil unrest, civil war and terrorism in Syria, Afghanistan, Yemen, Venezuela, Myammar, neighboring countries have reached an unprecedented level of migrant and refugees since the Second World War. According to United Nations reports, as of today, the number of international migrants have reached 280 million and the number of displaced people by force has exceeded 80 million, and the total number of refugees has exceeded 26 million.*** In the face of the high human mobility of people, host countries have come under pressure, especially to provide better quality of basic public services. Although there are many reasons why the services offered are not at the desired levels, the lack of data is one of the important reasons. In the face of the ongoing migrants challenges and enhance the quality of service to ensure the necessary level of the host country governments and civil society organizations, members of reviewer of the data need necessarily to find ways to obtain better quality data. In addition, it is of great importance that the data is sufficient and reliable to prevent negative consequences such as migrant smuggling, the deaths of those who use the sea route during migration, and the mistreatment they face at the points they reach. As a result, the article discusses why states ought to use existing and modern technologies and data to identify and assist vulnerable migrants in need of protection. It has addressed the advantages and opportunities gained in the international arena against the protection of immigrants ' right to life, the prohibition of torture, inhuman and degrading treatment, and the prohibition of slavery and forced labor. However, the article also examined the disadvantages, limits and risks associated with the unrestricted use of new technologies, especially in relation to the protection of immigrants ' right to privacy and data protection.

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