Babil Kuneiform Tabletleri ile Antik Kaynaklar Işığında Media, Lydia ve Küçük Asya Fatihi Büyük Kyros

Bu makalede, Büyük Kyrosun İ.Ö. ca. 559 yılında tahta geçişiyle İ.Ö. 553-İ.Ö. ca. 547/546 yıllarınakadar giriştiği seferler ışığında Pers/Akhaimenid imparatorluğunun kuruluş süreci; siyasi-idari yapılanma- sıyla Kyrosun kişiliği ve politikası ele alınmaktadır. Çalışma esas itibariyle döneme ilişkin temel vebaşlıca bilgiler veren Babil küneiform tabletleri ve antik kaynaklar çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Birincielden dokümanlar, resmi ve güvenilir belgeler olan çivi yazılı tabletlerin azlığı ve özet halinde kalemealınmasından ötürü, Kyros hakkında en ayrıntılı veriler antik kaynaklardır. Bu nedenle şu ana kadar mo- dern yazarlarca ihmal edilmiş, dağınık halde bulunan antik kaynaklar ve çivi yazılı tabletler derlenerekanaliz edilmiş; metinin ilgili kısımlarında detaylıca tartışılmıştır. Bununla birlikte Pers yerel kaynakla- rınca adeta efsaneleştirilen krala ait anekdotların yer yer Hellen yazarları tarafından da kabul görülüp,takip edilmesi Kyrosa ilişkin bir dizi spekülasyona yol açmaktadır. Bu bağlamda küneiform tabletleriyleantik kaynakların kendi içlerinde uzlaştıkları ve ayrıştıkları yanlar belirlenerek efsane ile tarihsel gerçek- ler ayrıştırılmaya; bununla birlikte Pers kralının bir portresi çizilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ardından tarihselbilgiler ve modern araştırmalar ışığında antik yazarların anlatılarının analizi, tarih yazımlarının irdelen- mesi gerekçeleriyle metne eklenmiştir. Çalışma, genel bir değerlendirmeyle sonlandırılmıştır.

Cyrus the Great - Conqueror of Media, Lydia and Asia Minor in the Light ofthe Babylonian Cuneif orm Tablets and the Ancient Sources

In this study the establishment of the Persian/Achaemenid Empire, Cyrus personal qualities, aseries of battles and legal regulations put forward by him are discussed with a focus on the time betweenhis enthronement in 559 B.C. and 553 B.C. This study makes use of primary sources such as Babyloniancuneiform tablets and other ancient sources that give us important information concerning the era. Becausecuneiform tablets are rather low in number while being written mainly as records, ancient sources are themost detailed resources, which should be taken seriously. Hence, all relevant cuneiform tablets and dispersedknowledge obtained from ancient sources are here analyzed to assemble pieces concerning Cyrus life.The study concludes by considering the many studies in modern literature on Cyrus life, since manydifferences can be seen, a result of how different ancient writers commented on his personality and reign.

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