Haunted Knights in Spandex: Self and Othering in the Superhero Mythos

Bu makalede süper kahraman çizgi romanlarında kendi ve öteki kavramlarının ilişkisini çalışmaktadır. Süper kahraman söylencesindeki kendi ve öteki ilişkisi özellikle esrarengiz olanın bir görünümüdürve bu görünüm çoğaltma, hayalet basması gibi bilindik ve bilinmedik arasındaki tansiyonun sonucudur.Çoğu kez, bu durum bilinmedik olanın bilinenin yerini almasıyla görünür. Süper kahramanlar esrarengizolanın kendi ve öteki arasındaki zıtlıkta yer edinir. İkinci olarak, aile ve yuvayla ilgili olanın ait olmamayadöndüğünü ve ait olmama durumunun da aile ve yuvayla ilgili olanın yerini aldığını iddia ediyorum. Üçüncüolarak, süper kahramanın kendiliği aslında kendiliğinde değil kendisizliğinde yatmaktadır ki, düşüncemsüper kahramanı edilgen ve izleyici olan ötekinden ayıran şey onun özgeciliğidir. Dördüncü olarak daönerim süper kahramanın belirli bir ütopik söz vermişlik sahibi olduğudur ki; bu da onun insan-sonrasıdenilebilecek siber-kültürel bir aşkın insan olması ve bu yönüyle insan mükemmelliğini temsil ettiğidir.

Elastik Hayalet Şövalye: Süper Kahraman Söylencesinde Kendilik ve Ötekilik

This essay looks at the dynamics of self and the Other in superhero comics. The self-other dynamicin superhero mythos is an instance of the uncanny, which includes themes of doubling, ghostliness and ahaunting that is the tension between the familiar and the unfamiliar, or the unfamiliar that partakes of thefamiliar. Superheroes are instances where the uncanny asserts itself between the self-other dichotomy.Second, I suggest, filiation (to do with the family and therefore the home ) folds into affiliation, whereaffiliations build on, substitute for and supplant the familial. Third, the self of the superhero lies not in asense of the self but in self lessness. I argue that it is the altruistic self that separates the superhero from theOther, the passive, spectator human. Fourth, I propose that superheroes present a certain utopian promise.I align the superhero with the posthuman (the technologically advanced humans of cybercultures), assignifying human perf ectibility.

PDF

___

Superman The Dailies, vol. II: Strips 307-672, 1940-1941. New York, USA: DC Comics, 1999.
Anthony, D. (2005). Gone distracted: Sleepy hollow, gothic masculinity, and the panic of 1819. Early American Literature, 40 (1), 111-144.
Appiah, K. A. (2006). Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a world of strangers. London, England: Penguin.
Bainbridge, J. (2007). This is the authority. This planet is under our protection: An exegesis of superheroes interrogations of the law. Law, Culture and the Humanities 3, 455-476.
Beatty, S., & Dixon, C. (2003). Batgirl: Year One. New York, USA: DC Comics.
Chase, A. (2000). International law on film, Legal Studies 24. Retrieved from http://heinonline.org/HOL/ LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/lstf24&div=42&id=&page=, 20 Dec. 2010.
Fingeroth, D. (2004). Superman on the couch: What superheroes really tell us about ourselves and our society. New York, USA: Continuum.
Freud, S. (1971). The Uncanny. In Collected Papers. Trans. Joan Riviere. Vol. 4. London, England: The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psychoanalysis, 1919.
Horn, M. Ed. (1976). The World encyclopedia of comics. New York, USA: Chelsea House.
Hughes, J. A. (2006). Who watches the watchmen? Ideology and the real world superheroes. Journal of Popular Culture, 39(4), 546-557.
Humanity +. Transhumanist FAQ. Retrieved from http://humanityplus.org/learn/transhumanist-faq/. 22 December 2010.
Jenkins, H. (2009). Just Men in tights: Rewriting silver age comics in an era of multiplicity. Ed. Angela Ndalianis. The Contemporary comic book superhero, 16-43. London, England and New York, USA: Routledge.
Klock, G. (2002). How to Read superhero comic books and why. New York, USA: Continuum.
Kukkonen, K. (2010) Navigating infinite earths: Readers, mental models, and the multiverse of superhero comics. Storyworlds, 2, 39-58.
Laqueur, T. W. (2001). The Moral imagination and human rights. Ed. Amy Gutman, & M. Ignatieff, Human Rights as Politics and as Idolatory, 127-140. Washington: Harvard University Press.
Loeb, J., & Morris, T. (2009). Heroes and superheroes. Ed. Tom Morris, & Matt Morris. Superheroes and philosophy: Truth, j ustice and the Socratic way, 11-20. Chicago, USA: Open Court.
Miller, F., & Lee, J. (2008). All Star Batman & Robin the Boy Wonder. 2005-08. New York, USA: DC Comics.
Miller, F., & Varley, J. (2002). Batman: The Dark Knight Strikes Again. 2001-02. New York, USA: DC Comics.
Miller, F., with Janson, K., & Varley, J. (2002). Batman: The Dark Knight Returns. 1986. New York, USA: DC Comics.
Miller, F., Mazzucchelli, D. with Lewis, R. (2005). Batman: Year One. 1986-7. New York, USA: DC Comics.
Moore, A., & Gibbons, D. (1987). Watchmen. New York, USA: DC Comics.
Moore, A., & Bolland, B. (1988). Batman: The Killing Joke. New York, USA: DC Comics.
Morrison, G., & Janson, K. (1998). Batman: Gothic. New York, USA: DC Comics, 1998.
Morrison, G., & McKean, D. (1989). Batman: Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth. New York, USA: DC Comics.
Morrison, G., Quitely, F., & Grant, J. All-Star Superman. New York, USA: DC Comics, 2006.
Nayar, P. K. (2008). The Narrative tradition of posthuman rights. Ed. Andy Miah. Human Futures, 196- 206. Liverpool: FACT and Liverpool University Press, England.
Nayar, P. K. (2010). Gothic masculinity, filiation and affiliation: Frank Millers Batman, Families, 7 (2) and 8 (1), 121-137.
Nielsen, C. F. (2008). Leaving the shadow of the bat: Aristotle, Kant, and Dick Grayson on moral education. Ed. Mark D. White, & Robert Arp, Batman and philosophy: The Dark knight of the soul, 254-266. Malden, MA, USA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Orr, P. (1994). The Anoedipal mythos of batman and catwoman. Journal of Popular Culture, 27 (4), 169-182.
Persson, I., & J. Savulescu. (2010). Moral transhumanism. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 35, 656-669.
Reynolds, R. (1992). Superheroes: A Modern mythology. London, England: BT Batsford.
Robinson, L.S. (2004). Wonder Women: Feminism and superheroes. London, England and New York, USA: Routledge.
Royle, N. (2003). The Uncanny. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press.
Smith, G. (2009). The Superhero as labor: The corporate secret identity. Ed. Angela Ndalianis. The Contemporary Comic Book Superhero, 126-143. London, England and New York, USA: Routledge.
Spooner, C. (2006). Contemporary Gothic. London: Reaktion.
Stabile, C. (2009). Sweetheart, this aint gender studies: Sexism and superheroes. Communication and Critical/ Cultural Studies, 6 (1), 86-92.
Waid, M. (2009). The Real truth about superman: And the rest of us, too. Ed. T. Morris, & M. Morris. Superheroes and philosophy: Truth, j ustice and the Socratic way, 3-10. Chicago, USA: Open Court.
Weber, S. (1973). The sideshow, or: Remarks on a canny moment. MLN 88, 1102-1133.