İNSAN HAKLARI HUKUKU, İNSANCIL HUKUK VE DEVLET DIŞI SİLAHLI AKTÖRLERİN ULUSLARARASI SORUMLULUĞU

Günümüzde devletler hala uluslararası hukuk sisteminin asli kişisidir. Ancak uluslararası nitelikte olmayan silahlı çatışmalarda yaşanan artışın bir sonucu olarak artık devlet dışı silahlı aktörler de artan şekilde sistemde rol oynamaktadırlar ve uluslararası insancıl hukuk ve uluslararası insan hakları hukukunu en ağır şekilde ihlal etmektedirler. Sivillerin korunmasını sağlamak için devlet dışı silahlı aktörlerin de uluslararası insancıl hukuk ve uluslararası insan hakları hukukuna bağlı olması ve saygı göstermesi gereklidir. Ancak insan hakları ve insancıl hukuk normlarına taraf olmadıkları halde, bu normların neden devlet dışı silahlı aktörleri bağlaması gerektiği ve bunun hukuksal dayanağının ne olduğu konusu uluslararası hukukta oldukça tartışmalı bir konudur. Devlet dışı silahlı aktörler uluslararası insancıl hukuk alanında en önemli aktörlerden bir tanesi olmasına karşın, bunların uluslararası insancıl hukuk ihlalleri dolayısıyla sorumluluğu konusu uluslararası hukukta yeterince düzenlenmemiştir. Devlet dışı silahlı aktörlerin günümüzde geçirdiği evrim nedeniyle bunların doğrudan sorumluluğu önem kazanmıştır. Ancak önerilen bu doğrudan sorumluluk modeli de siyasal ve hukuksal açıdan bir dizi ikilemler içermektedir. Bu nedenle doğrudan sorumluluk modeli uluslararası hukukun gri bölgelerinden bir tanesi olmaya devam etmektedir.

HUMAN RIGHTS LAW, HUMANITARIAN LAW AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY OF ARMED NON-STATE ACTORS

States are still the fundamental entities of the international law system. As a result of the rise of non-international armed conflicts, however, armed non-state actors have started to play an increasing role within the international system and they seriously violate the international humanitarian law and the international human rights law, to which they should be subject and respect for the protection of civilians. Nevertheless, the questions of why these norms should be binding for armed non-state actors and what the legal basis for this are highly disputed in the international law since they are not a party to the norms of human rights and humanitarian law. Although armed non-state actors are one of the most important subjects within the sphere of international humanitarian law, the issue of responsibility for their violations of international humanitarian law has not been adequately regulated within the international law. The direct responsibility of armed non-state actors has gained importance due to their recent evolution. However, this recommended model of direct responsibility has a series of dilemmas from political and legal aspects of the subject. Hence, direct responsibility model continues to remain as one of the grey areas of the international law.

Keywords:

State-centric System, Armed Non-State Actors, Non-international Armed Conflicts International Human Rights Law,

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