Pestisit Analizlerinde Asetilkolinesteraz İnhibisyonuna Dayalı İletken Polimer Esaslı Biyosensörler

Dünyada yaygın olarak kullanılan pestisitler, tarımsal, endüstriyel, evsel ve savaş malzemeleri olarak kullanılan kimyasallardır. Pestisitler pek çok sağlık sorunu ile ilgili olmasına rağmen, bu kirleticilerin izlenmesi ve tanımlanmasında ciddi bir eksiklik bulunmaktadır. Yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi, kapiler elektroforez ve kütle spektrometresi gibi klasik kromatografik yöntemler gıdalardaki pestisit analizlerinde etkili yöntemlerdir. Bununla birlikte, bu yöntemlerin karmaşık süreçler, zaman alıcı hazırlık adımları, pahalı ekipman ve uzman personel gereksinimleri açısından önemli sınırlamaları vardır. Biyosensörler, basitlik, yüksek hassasiyet, kısa analiz süresi ve düşük analiz maliyeti ve aynı zamanda gerçek zamanlı ölçümlere uygulanabilirliği nedeniyle pestisitlerin tayini için tercih edilen cihazlardır. Onbeş yıldan fazla bir süredir, gıda kontrolü ve güvenliği için pestisit kalıntılarını izlemek için enzim inhibisyonuna dayalı biyosensörler geliştirilmiştir. İletken polimerler bu pestisit biyosensörlerinin yapımında kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada pestisit tayini için kullanılan biyosensörler ile ilgili bilgi verildikten sonra asetilkolin esteraz enziminin inhibisyonuna dayalı iletken polimer temelli biyosensörler ile ilgili çalışmalar derlenmiştir.

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Based Biosensors Developed by Using Conducting Polymers for Pesticide Analyses

Pesticides commonly used worldwide are chemicals used as agricultural, industrial, domestic and war materials.Although pesticides are very strongly associated with many health problems, there is a serious lack of monitoring and identification of these pollutants. Conventional chromatographic methods such as high performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry are effective methods for pesticide analysis in foods. However, these methods have considerable limitations in terms of complex processes, time-consuming preparatory steps, expensive equipment and expert staff requirements. Biosensors are preferred devices for the determination of pesticides because of their simplicity, high sensitivity, short analysis time and low analysis cost, as well as their applicability to real time measurements. For more than fifteen years, biosensors based on enzyme inhibition have been developed to monitor pesticide residues for food control and safety. Conductive polymers have been used during constructions of these pesticide biosensors. In this study, studies on biosensors used for pesticide analyses were summarized and then researches on acetylcholinesterase inhibition based biosensors developed by using conducting polymers for pesticide analyses were reviewed.

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