Arzu ÇIRPAN KANTARCIOĞLU, Sema KARAKELLE

Küçük Çocuklarda Zaman Kavrayışı ve Öngörü Arasındaki Bağlantılar

Bu çalışmanın amacı, okul öncesi dönemde gözlenebilen zaman kavrayışlarından süre tahmini ve zamansal oluş sırası ile zihinde geleceğe zaman yolculuğu biçimlerinden öngörü arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Aynı zamanda, uzun süreli belleğe ve kısa süreli belleğe dayanacak biçimde öngörü becerisini değerlendirmek üzere, bir nesne seçim görevi geliştirmek ve zamansal oluş sırası ile süre tahminini ölçmek üzere de görevler geliştirmek hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmaya katılacak çocukların belirlenmesi için Ankara Gelişim Tarama Envanteri, Türkçe ifade edici ve alıcı dil testleri ile Bay Patates Testi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya, 36-41 aylık, 33; 42-59 aylık, 36 ve 60-71 aylık 30 olmak üzere 50’si kız toplam 99 çocuk katılmıştır. Öngörü değerlendirmek amacıyla, çocuk tarafından kullanılan bilginin kaynağına bağlı olarak hem uzun hem de kısa süreli belleğe dayalı öngörü performansını değerlendiren ve iki bölümden oluşan oyuncak yıkama görevi kullanılmıştır. Zaman kavrayışını değerlendirmek için iki olayın oluş süresini karşılaştırmaya dayanan süre tayini ve bir olayı oluş sırasına göre kavrayabilmeye dayanan zamansal oluş sırası görevleri verilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre hem öngörü hem de süre tayini ile zamansal oluş sırası performansı yaşla birlikte anlamlı olarak artmaktadır. Yaş grupları içinde uzun süreli ve kısa süreli belleğe dayalı öngörü performanslarının birbirinden bağımsız olduğu gözlenmiştir. Zaman kavrayışlarında ise her yaş grubunun süre tayini lehine anlamlı olarak farklılaştığı gözlenmiştir. Uzun süreli belleğe dayalı öngörü performansının, yaş ve zamansal oluş sırası tarafından; kısa süreli belleğe dayalı öngörü performansının ise zamansal oluş sırası ve çalışma belleği tarafından yordandığı gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Öngörü, Süre Tayini, Zamansal Oluş Sırası, Zihinde Zaman yolculuğu, Epizodik Bellek

The Associations between Time Comprehension and Foresight in Preschoolers

The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between foresight as a form of future mental time travel and time comprehensions which could be observed during the prescool-age such as duration estimation and temporal sequences. Also developing an item-choice task and time comprehension task is aimed. To decide which children would participate in this study, Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory, TIFALDI expressive and receptive language tests and Mr. Peanut Test were used. Ninety-nine children 50 of them were girls participated in this study whom were 36-41 months old, 33 children, 42-59 months old 36 children and 60-71 months old 30 children. In order to evaluate foresight, toy washing task was used which was based on long/short time memory in the same time, depending on the source of information used by the child. In order to evaluate time comprehension, duration estimation and temporal ordering tasks were used. According to results of the study, both foresight and time comprehension performances increase with age. At the same time, within the same age groups, there were no relationship between long term/short term memory based foresight performances and there were differences between time comprehensions in favor of duration estimation. The best predictive analysis method showed that foresight based on long term memory was best predicted by age and temporal ordering performance whereas foresight based on short term memory was best predicted by working memory and temporal ordering performance.

Keywords:

Foresight, Duration Estimation, Temporal Ordering, Mental Time Travelling, Episodic Memory,

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