Klorofil Floresan Metodu ile Ayrılan Farklı Olgunluk Dönemlerindeki Biber Tohumlarında Canlılık Parametrelerinin Tespiti

Klorofil Floresan (KF) metodu tohumları herhangi bir ıslatmaya tabi tutmadan, tohum neminde herhangi bir değişim olmadan olgun ve az olgun tohumları ayırma temeline dayanmaktadır. Bu metodun prensibi, tohumların olgunlaşma sürecinde bulundurmuş olduğu klorofilin olgunlaşma gerçekleştikçe parçalanmasını baz alarak tohumlara verdiği kırmızı ışığın (670 nm) emilen ve emilmeyen kısmında yansımasıdır. Bu çalışmada, iki farklı olgunluk döneminde hasat edilen ve Klorofil Floresan ayırım tekniği ile olgunluk durumları (az olgun yada aşırı olgun) belirlenen Çarliston, 11B14, Yağlık ve Kandil Dolma çeşitlerine ait 8 yıllık tohum partilerinin çimlenme performansı (toplam-normal çimlenme oranı %), protein miktarı (ham protein) ve fungusların tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. I. hasata ait kontrol grubu tohumlarında en fazla normal çimlenme oranı (%30) yağlık çeşidinde belirlenmiş ancak depolama süresine bağlı olarak canlılık ciddi oranda azalmıştır. KF ayırımı ile klorofil değeri yüksek olarak belirlenen gruplarında ise kayda değer bir canlılık bulunmazken, klorofil değeri düşük grupta da yine Yağlık çeşidi kısmen çimlenme (%39) göstermiştir. IV. hasata ait tohum gruplarında ise; kontrol tohumlarında Kandil Dolma ve Yağlık en yüksek normal çimlenme performansı (%88-89) göstermiştir. KF ayırımı ile klorofil değeri yüksek olarak belirlenen gruplarında I. hasat tohumlarına göre daha yüksek canlılık belirlenerek, öne çıkan çeşit %63 oranı ile kandil dolma çeşidine ait tohumlar olmuştur. Klorofil değeri düşük grupta olgunluğun daha yüksek olması sebebiyle genel olarak canlılık %62-95 arasında belirlenmiştir. Protein analizi sonuçlarında; özellikle Çarliston ve Yağlık çeşitlerinde klorofil değeri düşük olan ve IV. hasata ait tohumlarda diğerlerine nazaran daha yüksek değerler elde edilmiştir. Belirlenen funguslar; Cladosporium spp., Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium spp.’dir. Çarliston, Kandil Dolma ve Yağlık biber çeşitlerinde IV. hasat tohumlarında klorofil ayrımı ile yüksek ve düşük klorofil değerleri saptanan gruplarda fungus saptanmamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Biber, hasat dönemleri, klorofil floresan metodu, fungus, protein miktarı

Determination of the Viability Parameters in Pepper Seeds Separated by Chlorophyll Fluorescence Methodat Different Maturation Periods

Chlorophyll Fluorescence (CF) is based on the separation of mature and less mature seeds without any change in seed moisture and without water uptake any seeds. The principle of this method is the reflection of the red light (670 nm) which is given to the seeds on the basis of the rupture of the chlorophyll in the ripening phase of the seeds. In this study, it was aimed to determine the germination rate, protein amounts and presence of fungal agents of 8 year old seeds of Çarliston, 11B14, Yağlık and Kandil Dolma cultivars which were harvested in two different maturity periods and their maturation stages were identified as underripe, overripe by CF separation technique. The most normal germination rate (30%) in control group of first harvest was determined in Yağlık, however, the viability rate was decreased depending on storageperiod. While no significant viability was found in the groups with high chlorophyll rate by CF separation, Yağlık again partly germinated (39%) in the group with low chlorophyll rate. However, in seed groups of 4th harvest Kandil Dolma and Yağlık had the highest normal germination performance (88-89%) in control groups. Higher viability rate was determined in the groups with high chlorophyll rate through CF separation compared to 1st harvest seeds and the outstanding species was Kandil Dolma seeds with 63%. Because maturity was higher in the group with lower chlorophyll rate, the viability was generally determined between 62-95%. In protein analyse, higher values were obtained in 4th harvest seeds with lower chlorophyll rates in Çarliston and Yağlık compared to the others. The determined fungal agents were Cladosporium spp., Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium spp. No fungal agents were identified in the groups determined high and low chlorophyll values through CF separation in 4th harvest seeds in all cultivars.

Keywords:

Pepper, harvest periods, chlorophyll flourescence method, fungi, protein amount,

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