Abdelfattah Adnan DABABAT, Gul ERGINBAS ORAKCI, Alexey MORGOUNOV

Kışlık Buğday Genotiplerinin Türkiye’ de Kök Çürüklüğü Etmeni Fusarium culmorum’a Karşı Dayanıklılığı’nın Belirlenmesi

Kuru alan kök (kökboğazı/dip) çürüklükleri’ne neden olan Fusarium türleri tahıllara özellikle buğdaya zarar vermekte, tane sayı ve kalitesini azaltarak önemli verim kaybına neden olmaktadır. Türkiye’de kök çürüklüğü hastalık etmeni Fusarium türleri içinde buğday bitkisine zarar veren başlıca etmen olarak rapor edilen tür Fusarium culmorum’dur. Maalesef, günümüze kadar Fusarium türlerine karşı sadece birkaç kısmi dayanıklı buğday genotipi bulunmuştur. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma Fusarium hastalığının neden olduğu zararı sınırlandırmak amacıyla çeşitli buğday genotiplerinde yeni dayanıklılık kaynaklarının bulunması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, Uluslararası Kışlık Buğday Geliştirme Programı (IWWIP) aracılığıyla 19 farklı Ülke’den toplam 141 ıslah materyali (hat ve çeşit) sağlanmıştır ve Türkiye’de 3 farklı ortamda (büyütme odası,sera, tarla) yerel izolat Fusarium culmorum’a karşı dayanıklılıklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla 2012 yılında test edilmiştir. Dayanıklılık bakımından en iyi performansı gösteren genotipler verilerin doğrulanması amacıyla 2013 yılında tekrar test edilmiştir. Fenotiplendirme yapılan 141 genotip içinden toplam materyalin %12’ lik kısmını oluşturan 17 genotip fide ve/veya yetişkin dönemde orta dayanıklı olarak gruplandırılmıştır. Meksika kaynaklı genotipler, fide dayanıklılığı daha fazla gösteren Amerika kaynaklı genotiplerin aksine yetişkin dönem dayanıklılığı göstermiştir. Yüksek dayanıklılık gösteren kışlık buğdaylar PATWIN YR5 ve TAST/SPRW//ZAR/5/YUANDONG 3/4/PPB8-68/CHRC/3/PYN//TAM101/AMIGO kök çürüklüğü’ ne karşı ıslahta ümitvar olarak görülmektedir.

Determination of Resistance in Winter Wheat Genotypes to the Dryland Root Rots Caused by Fusarium culmorum in Turkey

The dryland root rot (foot/crown) caused by Fusarium spp. attacks cereals especially wheatand causes severe yield loss by reducing both grain quantity and quality. Among those Fusariumspecies attacking wheat crop is the Fusarium culmorum species which has been reported as the maincrown rot causal agent in Turkey. Unfortunately, up-to-date, there is only some wheat genotypes withpartial resistant to Fusarium spp. Therefore, this study was carried out to find new sources of resistancein diverse wheat genotypes to limit the damage caused by Fusarium disease. In this study, a total of141 genotypes and breeding lines were obtained from 19 different countries, provided via theInternational Winter Wheat Improvement Program (IWWIP) and screened for their resistance reactionsto a local isolate of Fusarium culmorum under three different environmental conditions (growth room,greenhouse and field) in Turkey in 2012. The best performed genotypes in terms of resistant were thenrescreened in 2013 for data validation. Out of the 141 phenotyped wheat genotypes, 17 genotypes (12%) ranked as moderately resistant (MR) at seedling and/or adult growth stage. The genotypes fromMexico seemed to have adult plant resistant rather than seedling resistance which was higher in theUSA genotypes. Winter bread wheats PATWIN YR5 and TAST/SPRW//ZAR/5/YUANDONG 3/4/PPB8-68/CHRC/3/PYN//TAM101/AMIGO which possess high level of resistance seem promising for breedingfor foot rot.

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