MEHMET ZAHİT YEKEN, Hacer AKPOLAT, TOLGA KARAKÖY, VAHDETTİN ÇİFTÇİ

Assessment of Mineral Content Variations for Biofortification of the Bean Seed

Germplasm collections are very important for breeder to develop new cultivars with high mineral nutrients and yield. Eighty-three Phaseolus landraces were collected from different provinces of Western Anatolia Region of Turkey in 2015-2016. Twenty common bean lines were selected according to morphological characterization results and weighted scaling method in 2016. Phosphorus (P), potassium (K), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) contents of these twenty common bean lines and two commercial cultivars were tested under field conditions. Randomized block design with three replicates was used for analysis in 2017 growing season on the experimental farm of Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University. The results showed high level of variation among lines and cultivars in terms of P (0.94-1.30%), K (2.38-3.59%), Cu (7.80-14.80 mg kg-1), Zn (19.74-66.68 mg kg-1), Mn (7.46-27.25 mg kg-1), Fe (48.98-182.45 mg kg-1), Ca (0.18-0.48 mg kg-1) and Mg (0.56-0.71 mg kg-1) contents. Positive correlations were found between K and Zn (r=0.447; P<0.05), P and Fe (r=0.485; P<0.05), Ca and Mg (r=0.693; P<0.01). In principal component analysis (PCA), the first 4 principal components accounted for approximately 73% of the total variability. The lines, Ylv-14, Ylv-32, Blck-7, Blksr-3 and Brs-22 had superior mineral contents for Fe and P, Cu and Mn, Ca and Mg, Zn, and K, respectively. Therefore, these lines represent promising candidates for biofortifying the bean seed and can be registered as cultivars in Turkey. Moreover, these lines will be used further for identifying the QTL regions by developing biparental mapping populations for an effective breeding program in Turkey in near future.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Biofortification, micro- and macronutrient, Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Fasulye Tohumunun Biyofortifikasyonu için Mineral İçerik Vasyasyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi

Genetik kaynaklar ıslahçıların yüksek verim ve mineral içeriğine sahip yeni çeşitler geliştirebilmesi için çok önemlidir. 2015-2016 yılları arasında Türkiye’nin Batı Anadolu bölgesinin farklı bölgelerinden seksen üç Phaseolus populasyonu toplanmıştır. Morfolojik karakterizasyon sonuçları ve tartılı derecelendirmeye göre yirmi fasulye hattı 2016 yılında seçilmiştir. Yirmi fasulye hattının ve iki ticari çeşidin fosfor, potasyum, bakır, çinko, mangan, demir, kalsiyum ve magnezyum içerikleri tarla koşullarında test edilmiştir. Deneme 2017 yılı yetiştirme periyodunda Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, Araştırma ve Uygulama Alanı’nda tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Sonuçlar, fasulye hat ve çeşitleri arasında P (%0.94−1.30), K (%2.38-3.59), Cu (7.80-14.80 mg kg-1), Zn (19.74-66.68 mg kg-1), Mn (7.46-27.25 mg kg-1), Fe (48.98-182.45 mg kg-1), Ca (0.18-0.48 mg kg-1) ve Mg (0.56-0.71 mg kg-1) yüksek oranda varyasyon göstermiştir. K ve Zn (r=0.447; P<0.05), P ve Fe (r=0.485; P<0.05), Ca ve Mg (r=0.693; P<0.01) arasında pozitif yönde korelasyon bulunmuştur. Ana bileşen analizine göre toplam çeşitliliğin %73’ünden ilk 4 temel komponentin sorumlu olduğu görülmüştür. Ylv-14, Ylv-32, Blck-7, Blksr-3 ve Brs-22 hatları sırasıyla Fe ve P, Cu ve Mn, Ca ve Mg, Zn, ve K bakımından daha yüksek mineral içeriğine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sebeplerden dolayı, bu hatlar fasulye tohumlarının biyofortifikasyonu için ümitvar adayları temsil etmekte ve Türkiye’de çeşit olarak tescillenebilir. Ayrıca bu hatlar, yakın gelecekte etkili ıslah programları için biparental haritalama populasyonu geliştirilerek QTL bölgelerinin tanımlanması amacıyla da kullanılabilir.

Keywords:

Biyofortifikasyon, mikro-makro mineral, Phaseolus vulgaris L.,

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