Uğur ÇÖMLEKÇİOĞLU, Emin ÖZKÖSE, İsmail AKYOL, Mehmet Sait EKİNCİ

Rumen mikrobiyal ekosistemi içerisinde anaerobik funguslar

Rumen bakteri, arkea, protozoa, fungus ve bakteriyofajlardan oluşan kompleks bir mikrobiyal ekosisteme sahiptir. Rumende besin maddelerinin fermantasyonunu gerçekleştiren rumen mikroorganizmaları içerisinde anaerobik funguslar 6 cins altında 20 tür ile temsil edilmektedir. Anaerobik funguslar, monosentrik ve polisentrik olmak üzere iki farklı üreme şekline sahip olup vejetatif tallusları küresel veya filamentli rizoid içerebilir. Sahip oldukları anaerobik yaşam tarzı ve iki aşamalı yaşam döngüsü nedeniyle sınıflandırmadaki yeri günümüze kadar tartışılmış ve son yapılan çalışmalar neticesinde içerisinde sadece anaerobik rumen funguslarının bulunduğu Neocallimastigomycota adında yeni bir filum oluşturulmuştur. Zorunlu anaerob olan bu fungusların herbivorlar arasında nasıl transfer oldukları henüz tam olarak aydınlatılamamıştır. Bu çalışmada anaerobik rumen funguslarının taksonomisi, yaşam döngüsü, herbivorlar arasındaki transferleri ile diğer rumen mikroorganizmalarıyla etkileşimi üzerine olan genel bir bakış sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

mantar, mikrobiyal ekoloji, rumen florası

Anaerobic fungi in the rumen microbial ecosystem

Rumen has a complex microbial ecosystem which contains bacteria, archea, protozoa, fungi, and bacteriophage. Plant material that enters rumen was fermented by rumen microorganisms and anaerobic fungi, which are a member of rumen microorganisms, were resembled with 20 species belongs to 6 genera. Anaerobic fungi have two reproduction types as monocentric and polycentric growth. Vegetative thalluses could contain spherical or mycelial rhizoidal system. Classification of anaerobic fungi has remained controversial because of anaerobic life style and life cycle with two stages. Recent studies have separated the rumen fungi in a new phylum Neocallimastigomycota. Transfer of strictly anaerobic fungi between herbivores has not been clarified yet. This review was focused on the investigations about taxonomy and life cycle of rumen fungi, transfer between herbivores and interactions with the other rumen microorganisms.

Keywords:

fungi, microbial ecology, rumen flora,

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