An approach to measuring brand loyalty in the Turkish automotive sector

Türkiye otomotiv sektöründe empirik bir araştırmaya dayanan bu çalışmada, bulanık mantık teorisi ve yapısal eşitlik modeli kullanılarak satın alma düşüncesini etkileyen ve hizmet sağlayıcısının gücünü oluşturan üç gizil yapının arasındaki nedensel ilişkileri oluşturmak ve müşteri tatmini ile marka ününün müşteri sadakatine olan etkisini ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler bulanık mantık teorisine göre durulaştırılmıştır ve güvenilirlik, açıklayımcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Geliştirilen marka sadakati modelinde konuyu etkilediği düşünülen faktörlerin etki dereceleri yapısal eşitlik modeli kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlarda müşteri tatminin marka sadakatinin bir önkoşulu olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca müşterinin fiyat algısının ve aracın müşteriye kattığı değer algısının müşteri tatminin etkilediği bulunmuştur.

Türkiye otomotiv sektöründe marka sadakatini ölçmeye yönelik bir yaklaşım

In the study conducted on the basis of an empirical research in the Turkish automotive sector, it was aimed, using fuzzy logic theory and a structural equation modeling, to establish the casual relationship between three latent variables -which have an impact on purchase considerations and create the service supplier power- and customer satisfaction, and to reveal the effects of customer satisfaction and brand reputation on customer loyalty. The data obtained were defuzzified by fuzzy logic theory and were processed by reliability, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The degree of influence of factors considered to have an impact on the subject in the developed brand loyalty modeling were determined using structural equation modeling application. In the results, it was found that customer satisfaction is a prerequisite of brand loyalty. It is seen that the price perception of consumers and their value perceptions regarding attributes of the vehicles have an impact on customer satisfaction.

___

Anderson, E.W. & Sullivan, M.(1993). The antecedent and consequences of consumer satisfaction for firms. Marketing Science, 12(2), 125-143, Doi:0732-2399/93/1202/1202/0125801.25

Andreassen, T.W. & Lindestad, B. (1998). Customer loyalty and complex services. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 9(1), 7-23, Doi: 10.1108/095642398101199923

Athiyaman, A. (1997). Linking student Satisfaction and service quality perceptions: The case of university education. European Journal of Marketing, 3(7), 528-540, Doi:10.1108/03090569710176655

Bagozzi, R. P. & Yi, Y. (1988).On the evaluation of structural equation models,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16 (Spring), 74-94, Doi:10.1007/BF027223327

Bearden, W.O. & Teel, J.E.(1983). Selected determinants of consumer satisfaction and complaint reports. Journal of Marketing Research, February, 21-28.

Bennett, R., Hartel, C.E.J. & McColl-Kennedy, J.R., (2005). Experience as a moderator of involvement and satisfaction on brand loyalty in a business-to-business setting 02-314R. Industrial Marketing Management, 34, 97–107, Doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2004.08.003

Berne, C. (1997). Modelizacion de la poscompra: satisfaccison y lealtead, in Mugica Grijalva, J.M. & Ruiz de Maya S.(Eds), El Comportaimento del Cusnomidor, ccAp.5, Ariel Economia, Barcelona, 163-180.Bloemer, L. & Kasper, L.R., (1995). The complex relationship between customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. Journal of Economic Psychology, 16, 311- 329, Doi:10.1016/0167-4870(95)00007-B

Bloemer, L. & Lemmink. J.G. (1992). The importance of customer satisfaction in explaining brand and dealer loyalty. Journal of MarketingManagement, 8,351-364, Doi:10.1108/03090560410511221

Boulding, W.,Kalra, A., Staelin, R. & Zeithaml, V.A. (1993). A dynamic process model of service quality: from expectations to behavioral intentions. Journal of Marketing Research, 30 February, 7-27.

Bowen, J & Shoemarker, S,.(1998). Loyalty: a strategic commitment. CornellH.R.A.Quarterly,2,12-25,Doi:10.1108/09596110010342559.

Bowen, J ve Chen, S. L,. (2001). The relationship between customer loyalty and customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Contemporary HospitalityManagement,13(5),213-217,Doi:10.1108/09596110110395893.

Butler, J.K. (1991). Toward understanding and measuring conditions of trust: Evolution of conditions of trust inventory. Journal of Management, 17, 163-663, Doi:10.1177/014920639101700307

Caporaletti, L. E. & Dula J. H. (1999). Performance Evaluation Based on Multiple Attributes with Non-parametric Frontiers, The International Journalof Management Science,17,pp.637-645, Doi:10.1016/S0305-0483(99)00022- 5

Cronin, J.J.Jr & Taylor, S.A. (1992). Measuring service quality: a re-examination and extension. Journal of Marketing, 56, July, 55-68.

Cunningham, R.M.,(1961). Customer loyalty to store and brand. Harvard Business Review, 39, 127- 137.

Dorsey D.W. &Covert M.D., (2003). Mathematical modeling of decision making a soft and fuzzy approach to capturing hard decisions. Human Factors, 45(1), 117-119, Doi:10.1518/hfes.45.1.117.27228

Dubois. D., Prade H. & Francesco M. (1998). Fuzzy set modelling in case-based reasoning. International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 13(4), 345- 373.Erevelles, S. & Leavitt, C. (1992). A comparison of current models of consumer Satisfaction/dissatisfaction. Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior, 5, 104-114.

Fornell, C. (1992). National Satisfaction barometer: the Swedish experience. Journal of Marketing, 56, January, 6-21.

Fornell, C., Johnson, M.D., Anderson, E. W., Cha,J. & Bryant, B.E. (1996). The American customer satisfaction index: Nature, purpose and findings? Journal of Marketing, 60(4), 7-18.

Getty J.M. and Thomson K.N. (1994). The relationship between quality, satisfaction and recommending behavior in lodging decisions. Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 2(3):3-22.

Giese, J.L. & Cote, J.A. (2000). Defining customer Satisfaction. Academy of Marketing Science Review, 1, 1-59.

Gremler, D.D.& Brown, S.W. (1997). Service Loyalty: its nature, importance, and implications, Advancing service quality: a global perspective, in Edvardsson et al. (Eds), Quiz 5, Conference Processing.

Hair, F.J., Anderson, E.R., Tatham, L.R., Black C. W. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings, Fifth edition, Prentice-Hall International Inc.

Han, S.& Sung., H.(2008). Industrial brand value and relationship performance in business markets: a general structural equation model, Industrial Marketing Management, 37, 807-818, Doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2008.03.003

Henson, R.K.,& Roberts, J.K., (2006). Use of exploratory factor analysis in published research. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 349-416, Doi: 10.1177/0013164405282485

Heskett,J ., Sasser, W.,& .Schlesinger, L.,(1997). Service pro.t chain: How leading companies link pro.t and growth to loyalty, Satisfaction, and value. New York: Free Press.Hu, S., Jou, S & Liu,Y. (2009). Structural equation model for brand image measurement of jeans, Nineth International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems, Vol 1,89-94, August 14, Shenyang, China, Doi:10.1109/HIS.2009.25

Jacoby, J & Kyner, D.B., (1973). Brand Loyalty vs repeat purchasing behavior. Journal of Marketing Research, 2, 1-9.

Jones, M. A.& Suh, J. (2000). Transaction-specific satisfaction and overall satisfaction: an empirical analysis. Journal of Services Marketing, 14(2), 147-159. Doi:10.1108/08876040010371555.

Jones, T.O. & Sasser, W.E. (1995). Why satisfied customers defect? Harvard Business Review, November-December, 88-99.

Julander, C., Magi, A., Jonsson, J., & Lindqvist, A. (1997), Linking costumer satisfaction to financial performance data, in Edvardsson et al. (Eds) Advancing Service Quality: A Global Perspective), Quiz 5, Conference Processing (pp.301-310), Sweden: University of Karlstad.

Kasper, J.D.(1988). On problem perception, dissatisfaction and brand loyalty. Journal of Economic Psychology, 9, 387-397.

LaBerbera, P.A. &Mazursky, D. (1983). A longitudinal assessment of consumer satisfaction/dissatisfaction. Journal of Marketing Research, 20, November, 393-404.

Lin, H.H & Wang Y.S,.(2006). An examination of the determinants of customer Loyalty in mobile commerce contexts. Information & Management, 43, 271-282, Doi:10.1016/j.im.2005.08.001

Nguyen, N. & LeBlanc, G. (1998). The mediating role of corporate image on customers retention decisions: an investigation in financial services. International Journal of Bank Marketing,16(2), 52-65.

Oliva, T.A., Oliver,R.L & Macmillan, L.C. (1992). A catastrophe model for developing services satisfaction strategies. Journal of Marketing, 56, July, 83-95

Oliver, R.L., (1999). Whence consumer loyalty. Journal of Marketing, 63(special issue), 33-44.

Robertson, T.S., (1993), How to reduce market penetration cycle times. Sloan Management Review, 35(1), 87-96.

Russell-Bennett, R., Mc Coll-Kennedy, J., Coofe, L.(2007). Involvement, satisfaction and brand loyalty in a small business service setting, Journal of Business Research, 60, 1253-1260, Doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.05.001

Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., Müller,H.(2003). Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Test of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of- fit Measuares, Methods of Psychological Research, 8(2), 23- 74

Selnes, F.(1993). An examination of the effect of product performance on brand reputation, satisfaction and loyalty. European Journal of Marketing, 27(9),19-35.

Shapiro, C. (1983). Premiums for high quality products as returns to attitudes. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 98(4), November, 659-679.

Szymanski, D.M. & Hernard, D.W. (2001). Customer satisfaction: A meta-analysis of the empirical evidence, Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, 29(1), 6-35,doi: 10.1177/009207030102900102

Taylor, S. & Baker, I. (1994). An assessment of the relationship between service quality and customer Satisfaction in the formation of consumer purchase intentions. Journal of Retailing, 70(2), 163-178.

Taylor, S.A & Cronin, J.J.Jr (1994). Servperf versus servqual: reconciling performance-based and perceptions-minus-expectations measurement of service quality. Journal of Marketing, 58,January, 125-131.

Varki, S. & Colgate, M. (2001). The role of price perception in an integrated model of behavioral intentions. Journal of Service Research, 3(3), 232-240. Doi:10.1177/109467050133004

Yoon, E., Guffey, H.G., Kijewski, V., (1993), The effects of information and company reputation on intentions to buy a business service. Journal of Business Research, 27, 215-228.

Zimmermann, H. J. (2001). Fuzzy logic for planning and decision making, (book review), Journal of Behavioural Decision Making, 12(4), 341-342