Ulusal Kültürel Değerler, Kişi Başına GSYİH ve Ülkelerin Sosyal Gelişme Düzeyleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Bu araştırmada, kültürel değerlerin ülkelerin sosyal gelişme düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Sosyal gelişmenin gelirle olan ilişkisi göz önünde bulundurularak, kişi başına GSYİH değeri de kontrol değişkeni olarak araştırmaya dahil edilmiş ve kültürel değerlerin sosyal gelişme üzerindeki etkisi doksan bir ülke verisiyle analiz edilmiştir. Kültürel değerler, Hofstede’nin güç mesafesi, belirsizlikten kaçınma, bireycilik, maskulenlik, uzun dönem yönelimi ve hoşgörü boyutlarıyla incelenmiştir. Sosyal gelişme, genel sosyal gelişme endeks skorunun yanı sıra sosyal gelişmeyi oluşturan temel insani ihtiyaçlar, refah altyapısı ve fırsatlar boyutlarıyla ölçülmüştür. Bu nedenle kültürel değerlerin genel sosyal gelişme endeksi üzerindeki etkisinin yanı sıra sosyal gelişmenin alt boyutları üzerindeki etkisi de incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, gelirin sosyal gelişme üzerindeki etkisi kontrol edildiğinde, maskulenlik ve hoşgörü boyutu haricindeki kültürel değerlerin (güç mesafesi, belirsizlikten kaçınma, bireycilik ve uzun dönem yönelimi) en az birinin sosyal gelişme ve alt boyutlarını anlamlı düzeyde etkilediğini göstermiştir. Belirsizlikten kaçınma, sosyal gelişme, temel insani ihtiyaçlar, refah altyapısı ve fırsatlar üzerinde; uzun dönem yönelimi, sosyal gelişme ve refah altyapısı üzerinde; bireycilik ve güç mesafesi sosyal gelişme ve fırsatlar boyutları üzerinde anlamlı etkiler göstermiştir. Güç mesafesi, sosyal gelişmeyi negatif yönde etkilerken belirsizlikten kaçınma, bireycilik ve uzun dönem yöneliminin sosyal gelişmeyi pozitif yönde etkilediği görülmüştür.

A Study on National Cultural Values, GDP per Capita and Social Development Levels of Countries

n this study, the effects of cultural values on the social progress levels of countries were investigated. GDP per capita was included in the research as a control variable since income is an important determinant of social progress. Then the effects of cultural values on social progress were analyzed with data from ninety-one countries. Cultural values were examined by Hofstede's cultural dimensions of power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, long-short term orientation, and indulgence- restrain. As well as the general social progress index score, social progress was also measured by the dimensions of basic human needs, foundations of wellbeing, and opportunity which form social progress. For this reason, the effects of cultural values on the social progress index and its dimensions have been examined. The results of the research showed that at least one of the cultural dimensions of power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and long-term orientation significantly affected social progress. Uncertainty avoidance affected social progress, basic human needs, foundations of wellbeing, and opportunity; long-term orientation affected social progress and foundations of wellbeing; individualism and power distance affected social progress and opportunity dimension significantly. While power distance affected social progress negatively; uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and long-term orientation affected social progress positively.

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