TERÖR ÖRGÜTLERİNİN FİNANSMANININ ÖNLENMESİ SORUNU

Terör ve terörizm, devletlerin öncelikli güvenlik sorunu olmayı sürdürmektedir. Terörle mücadelede sonuç almak isteyen ülkeler, terör örgütlerinin finansal kaynaklardan mahrum bırakılması için yoğun çaba harcamaktadır. Devletler ve uluslararası kuruluşlar, terörizmin finansmanının önlenmesine yönelik düzenlemeler yapmakta ve tedbirler almaktadır. Ancak bu çabalar, istenilen düzeyde sonuç vermemektedir. Terör örgütleri; ideoloji, örgütlenme modeli ve yaşam evreleri farklılaşan iç dinamiklere, küresel koşullar, faaliyet gösterdikleri coğrafyaların ve ülkelerin koşulları gibi dış dinamiklere sahiptir. Bu dinamikler, örgütlerin ihtiyaç duydukları finansman miktarını ve kaynaklarını farklılaştırmaktadır. Terörizmin finansmanıyla mücadelede, söz konusu etkenleri göz ardı ederek salt standart yaklaşım ve stratejiler benimsenmesinin, hukuki düzenlemeler yapılmasının ve aynı örgütlenme modelleri geliştirilmesinin, her terör örgütü için aynı etkinlikte sonuç getirmesi beklenmemelidir. Bu çalışma, ağırlıklı olarak sosyo-biyolojik bakış açısından faydalanılarak terör örgütlerinin, canlı organizmaların gelişim süreçlerine benzer yaşam evrelerine sahip olduğundan yola çıkarak yaşam evrelerine ve finansman faaliyetlerine dikkat çekmektedir. Terörizmin finansmanıyla mücadelede, örgütlerin yaşam evrelerinin önemi incelenecektir.

THE PROBLEM OF PREVENTING THE FINANCING OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS

Terror and terrorism continue to be the primary security issue for states. Countries seeking to achieve results in their fight against terrorism are making great efforts to deprive terrorist organizations of financial resources. Governments and international organizations make laws and take measures to prevent the financing of terrorism. However, these efforts do not yield the desired level. Terrorist organizations operate under different conditions. Ideology, organizational model and life cycles are examples of different internal dynamics, whereas global conditions or the conditions of geography and countries in which they operate are examples of external dynamics. These differences also differentiate the amount of funding and resources that organizations need. Therefore, determining the standard approach, adopting strategies, making laws and developing same organizational models alone do not give the desired results in fighting terrorism financing, when the above mentioned factors are ignored. This study mainly draws attention to financing activities of terror organizations by using the socio-biological point of view that the terrorist organizations have life stages similar to the development processes of living organisms. The importance of the life stages of organizations in fighting terrorism financing will be examined.

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