İnsan haklarının korunması kapsamında yasa dışı organ veya doku naklinin Türk hukukuna yansımaları

Organ bağışında yaşanan kıtlık bu yüzyılda insanlığın en önemli sorunlarından birisidir. Bağış listesinde kayıtlı olan hastalar umutsuzca uygun bir bağış beklemekte ve bunların çoğu da uygun bağış bulunamadığından hayatlarını kaybetmektedir. Diğer yandan bu umutsuz bekleyiş insanları yasa dışı yollara yöneltebilmektedir. Bu noktada organ nakline ihtiyaç duyan hastaların durumlarını dikkate almadan bu konuda yasal bir değerlendirme yapmak mümkün değildir. Günümüzde yasa dışı organ nakliçoğu ülkede suç olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte organ bağışının azlığı bakımından gelinen seviye yasal düzenlemelerin tekrar gözden geçirilmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir. Buna göre organ nakli bakımından yaşanan sıkıntının aşılması bakımından hukuk düzeni içerisinde radikal düzenlemelere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu noktada biyotıp alanında meydana gelen ilerlemeler beraberinde hukuk kurallarının güncellenmesi sorununu da getirmektedir. Diğer yandan, organ naklinde sorunun kesin çözümü zenotransplantasyon ya da yapay organ üretimidir. Ancak henüz tıp bilimi bu teknolojik imkâna sahip bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle yasa dışı organ nakillerine yönelik hukuki düzenlemelerin yapılması belirli hassas dengelerin gözetilmesini gerektirmektedir. Bu noktada nakil listesinde bekleyen hastaların yaşam ve sağlık hakları bu denge bakımından özel bir öneme sahiptir.

Reflection of illegal organ or tissue transplantation on Turkish law in the context of protection of human rights

Organ donation shortage is one of the most important humanitarian problems in this century. Patients who registered in donation list wait hopelessly a proper donation and many of them pass away because of not finding proper donation. On the other hand, this desperate waiting can motivates people to trend illegal ways. In this point,it is impossible to make a legal apprasial on this topic without consideration of conditions of patients who need organ transplantation. Today, illegal organ transplantation is evaluated as a criminal act in many countries. Nevertheless, weak level of organ donation shows that legal regulations shold be revised again. According to this, legal system needs radical regulations to solve shortage of organ donation problem. In this point, biomedical developments originate problem of updating of legal rules. On the other hand, absolute solution of shortage of organ donation is xenotransplantation or producing artifical organs. However, medical science doesn’t have these kind of possibility for now. Therefore, delicate balance should be considered in terms of legislating regulations on illegal organ transplantations. In this point, right to life and right to health of patients who wait in transplantation list have a special importance in terms of the balance.

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