Arap baharı ve demokrasi hakkı

Arap baharı, Arap ülkelerinde gözlenen demokrasi eksikliği nedeniyle beklenme- yen bir gelişme olarak yorumlanmaktadır. Arap baharı halk ve hükümet ilişkisini dü- zenlemeye yönelik normların uluslararası hukukta yeniden tartışma konusu olmasına ve bu normların demokrasi hakkını kapsayıp kapsamadığı yönünde değerlendirme ya- pılmasına yol açmıştır. Bu bağlamda hükümet şeklinin halk tarafından belirlenmediği nispette yönetimin demokratik olarak nitelendirilemeyeceği görüşünün temsil edildi- ği gibi, halkların Selfdeterminationsright’ından demokrasi hakkının değil, demokra- tikleşme hakkının istihraç edilebileceği görüşünün de temsil edildiği görülmektedir. Devlet uygulamalarının analizi uluslararası hukukta demokrasi hakkının mevcudiye- tini yeterince desteklemektedir. Buna karşılık uluslararası hukukta demokratikleşme mükellefiyetinin bulunduğu varsayım olarak kabul görmektedir. Bu durum yönetimin meşruiyetinin somut hükümet şekline değil, daha çok demokrasiyi geliştirmeye yö- nelik gayretlere bağlı oluğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Günümüzde uluslararası hukukta otoriter rejimlere karşı yapılan direniş hareketlerine meşruiyet prensibi dayanak oluş- turmaktadır. İnsan hakları içeriği ile meşruiyet prensibi otokratik hükümetler üzerin- de baskı oluşturmaktadır ve belli koşullar altında uluslararası camianın müdahalesini mümkün kılmaktadır. Ancak içerde gerekli koşullar olmadığı nispette dışardan demok- ratikleşme sürecinin dayatılmasının da mümkün olmadığının gözardı edilmemesi ge- rekmemektir.

The “arab spring” and right to democracy

The “Arab Spring” is interpreted as an unexpected development in the non-de- mocratic Arab countries. The “Arab Spring” has caused discussion on rules relating to relationship between government and individuals in international law once again and whether these rules include the right to democracy or not. In this context, while it is claimed that if the form of government is not determined by the people, this govern- ment cannot be called as a democratic government, it is also claimed that self-deter- mination right includes right to democratisation, not right to democracy. Analysis of state practice adequately supports the existence of a right to democracy in international law, whereas the existence of liability for democratisation is regarded as a hypothesis in international law. This case reveals that legitimacy of the government depends on efforts to develop democracy more than the form of the government. In international law, resistance movements against authoritarian regimes nowadays are based on the principle of legitimacy. The principle of legitimacy including human rights creates pressure on autocratic governments and makes international intervention possible un- der certain conditions. However that imposition of democratisation process externally without mature internal democratic conditions is not possible shouldn’t be ignored.

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