Kalid Abdırahman FARAH, Sergul Zhunusbek KYZY, Workneh NEGATU, Ali HASSAN

THE IMPLICATIONS OF SETTLEMENT PROGRAM ON EXPASTORALISTS’ LIVELIHOODS IN SHABELLE ZONE, ETHIOPIAN SOMALI REGION

Settlement programme in Ethiopia has been implemented, as part of the government efforts to ensure food security and bring about Rural Development (National Coalition for Food Security, 2003). The basic rational of the Settlement programme is to facilitate resource rehabilitation in central Ethiopia and to provide poor peasants with a better livelihood. This study was conducted in the Ethiopian Somali Regional State, Ber-ano district of the Shabelle Woreda, on Settlement programmes implications for settler ex-pastoralists’ livelihoods. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were applied among others being frequency distributions, tabulations, descriptive and inferential statistics such as Chi-square and Binary Logistic Regressions. Findings show that resettlement programme brought changes in settler’s livelihoods with regards to accessing basic social services such as water, health, education and plots of land in the area of destination as opposed to in their area of origin. Despite these, due to the existence of currently draught coupled with shortage of rainfall, income earned from food crops showed decreasing trends and peoples source of income tend to be from livestock husbandry as an alternative livelihood strategy. In addition, results from chi-square and binary logistic regressions showed significant associations between settler’s access to water, health, and education, plot of land and betterment of their respective livelihoods with p value of less than 0.05. This being the case, this paper will add up a lot in the gaps existing with regards to livelihoods of settled ex-pastoralists by identifying potential risks with regards to shifting from a tradition of full pastoralism to one of full settled agriculturalists. The study has made the conclusions that settled agriculturalist/settled system was more sustainable in meeting pastoralists’ basic requirements in life such as food, water, education, and health services.

ETİYOPYA'NIN SHABELLE BÖLGESİNDE YERLEŞİK PROGRAM UYGULAMALARI

Yerleşim programı, Etiyopya'da hükümetin gıda güvenliği ve kırsal kalkınmayı sağlama çabalarının bir parçası olarak uygulanmıştır (Ulusal Gıda Güvenliği Koalisyonu, 2003). Yerleşim programının temel gerekçesi ülkenin merkezindeki kaynakların rehabilitasyonunu kolaylaştırmak ve yoksul köylülere daha iyi bir yaşama geçim kaynağı sağlamaktır. Çalışma, Etiyopiya devletinin Somali Eyaletindeki Shabelle ilçesindeki eski (pastoralistlerin) kırsalcı yerleşimcilerin geçim kaynaklarının yerleşim programlarına ilişkin sonuçları ortaya koymak amacı üzerinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, hem nicel hem de nitel araştırma yöntemleri başta olmak üzere frekans dağılımları, tablolar, ki-kare ve ikili lojistik regresyonları gibi tanımlayıcı ve çıkarımsal istatistikler kullanılarak uygulanmıştır. Yapılan arastırmalara göre, yerleşim programının yerleşim yerlerinin geçim kaynaklarında, su, sağlık, eğitim ve varış yerindeki arsa alanları gibi temel sosyal hizmetlere, menşei alanlarına göre değişiklik gösterdiğini göstermektedir. Bunlara rağmen, şu anda taslakların var olmasından dolayı yağış sıkıntısı yaşanırken, gıda ürünlerinden elde edilen gelirler azalan eğilimleri göstermekte ve halkın gelir kaynağı alternatif bir geçim stratejisi olarak hayvancılıktan kaynaklanmakta olduğu belli olmuştur. Bunalara ek olarak, araştırmada ki-kare ve ikili lojistik gerilemelerden elde edilen sonuçlar, yerleşimcilerin suya erişimi, sağlığı, eğitimi, arazi arsası ve ilgili geçim kaynaklarının iyileştirilmesi arasında p’nin değeri 0,05'in altında olan önemli ve anlamlı ilişkilerin olduğu gösterilmiştir. Durum böyle olunca, bu makale, yerleşik bir pastoralistlerin geçim kaynakları ile ilgili olarak, mevcut varolan bir geleneğin, tam olarak yerleşik bir tarımcıdan başka birine geçişi ile ilgili potansiyel riskleri belirleyerek, mevcut boşlukları artıracaktır. Tarımsal sistemin yerleşik olmasının sonuçları, gıda, şu, eğitim ve sağlık hizmetleri gibi yaşamdaki temel gereksinimlerin pastoralistlerle buluşmasında daha sürdürülebilmektedir.

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ISSN: 2667-5617
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2006
Yayıncı: ASOS Eğitim Bilişim Danışmanlık Otomasyon Yayıncılık Reklam Sanayi ve Ticaret LTD ŞTİ