Otel İşletmelerinde Genelci ve Özelci Olma Bakımından Kurumsal Ekoloji Yaklaşımı

Bu çalışma, örgüt ekolojisi yaklaşımının turizm endüstrisindeki şeklini sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanıntemel amacı, yönetim yaklaşımlarından olan örgüt ekolojisi yaklaşımındaki niş genişliği teorisine göre turizmsektöründeki örgütleri genelci veya özelci olma konusunda yönlendiren etkenleri tanımlamaktır. Bubağlamda, Ankara ve Kastamonu illerinde bulunan 15 adet 4 ve 5 yıldızlı otel üst ve orta düzey yöneticisiylemülakat yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler kodlanmış ve sürekli karşılaştırmalı yöntem kullanılarak analizedildikten sonra tartışılmış ve yönetimsel ve teorik kısıtlılıkları ve gelecek çalışmalar için tasviyelerle birlikteçalışmanın son bölümünde sunulmuştur. Araştırmanın sonuçları, genelci veya özelci bir otel olmanın, otelinkonumu veya kapasitesinden ziyade, onun özellikleri ve pazardaki yerine bağlı olduğunu göstermektedir. NişGenişliği Teorisi ile iddia edildiği gibi, bu çalışmanın buşguları da sürekli köklü değişikler yaşayan güvenliolmayan çevrelerde kurulmuş olan özelci kurumların daha avantajlı olduğunu da ortaya çıkarmıştır. Diğertaraftan, ortak ve olumsuz bir çıktı ise şudur ki; hem genelci hem özelci yaklaşımı güden kuruluşlar otelleriniyenileme esnasında büyük problemler yaşamaktadırlar. Ayrıca, bulgular iki ayrı boyuta işaret etmektedir.Özelci anlayışa sahip kuruluşlar sınırlı kaynaklara sahip kendi dar piyasalarında hayatta kalırken, küçük yerelbir işletme gibi görünen genelci anlayışa sahip kuruluşlar uluslarası bir görüşü gütmektedirler. Asıl önemlinokta ise, bunu yaparken genelci ve özelcilerin birbirlerinin pazarını işgal etmemeleri ve her birirnin kendimüşterilerinin olmasıdır.

Organizational Ecology Approach in Hotel Organizations in the Aspect of Generalists andSpecialists

This study presents an overview of the organizational ecology approach in tourism industry. In this regard, an interview was conducted with 15 managers of 4 and 5 star hotels in the cities of Ankara and Kastamonu, Turkey. The data obtained from this study were coded and the findings were analysed using the constant comparative method and discussed along with the managerial and theoretical limitations and future directions in the discussion part. The findings of this study revealed that being a generalist or a specialist hotel is not dependent on the location or the capacity of the hotel, but the characteristic and market segment of the hotel. In accordance with the Niche Width Theory, the findings proved that a specialist organization is more advantageous in environments are which are not certain, full of rapid drastic change. On the other hand, as a common and negative issue, both specialist and generalist organizations experienced problems with renovation of their hotel. Moreover, the responses pointed two distinct dimensions. While specialist organizations have their own market, dependent on limited resources, which is in accordance with the theory, the generalists seeming like small local organizations are leading a generalist or international approach. The most important point is that they do not invade their position in the market, meaning that they host their own distinct guests.

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ISSN: 2667-5617
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2006
Yayıncı: ASOS Eğitim Bilişim Danışmanlık Otomasyon Yayıncılık Reklam Sanayi ve Ticaret LTD ŞTİ