___

• Adie, J. W., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2008). Autonomy support, basic need satisfaction and the optimal functioning of adult male and female sport participants: A test of basic needs theory. Motivation and Emotion, 32, 189-199, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-008-9095-z
• Alexandris, K., Tsorbatzoudis, C. and Grouios, G. (2002). Perceived Constraints on Recreational Sport Participation: Investigating their Relationship with Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation and Amotivation, Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 34, No.3: 233-252. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2002.11949970
• Álvarez, M., Balaguer, I., Castıllo, I., Duda, J. (2009). Coach autonomy support and quality of sport engagement in young soccer players. Span. J. Psycol. 12: 138–148. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600001554
• Bartholomew, K.J., Ntoumanis, N., Ryan, R.M., Bosch, J.A., & Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C. (2011). Self-determination theory and diminished functioning: The role of interpersonal control and psychological need thwarting. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 1459–1473. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167211413125
• Biddle, S.J.H., Soos, I. and Chatzısarantıs, N. (1999). ''Predicting physical activity intentions using a goal perspectives approach: a study of Hungarian youth'', Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 9: 353-357. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600- 0838.1999.tb00256.x
• Biddle, S.J.H. and Wang, C.K.J. (2003). Motivation and self-perception profiles and links with physical activity in adolescent girls. Journal of Adolescence, 26: 687-701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2003.07.003
• Boyd, M. (2019). Intrinsic Motivation among Skateboarders in Relation to Goal Orientation and Risk-Taking Behavior. Journal of Sport Behavior, 42(3), 305.
• Brunet, J., & Sabiston, C. M. (2011). Exploring motivation for physical activity across the adult lifespan. Psychology of sport and exercise, 12(2), 99-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2010.09.006
• Byers, T., Nestle, M., McTiernan, A., Doyle, C., Currie-Williams, A., Gansler, T., et al. (2002). American Cancer Society Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer 96 M. Hagger and N. Chatzisarantis Prevention: reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity. CACancer Journal of Clinicians, 52, 92-119. https://doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.52.2.92
• Brunet J. ve Sabiston C.M. (2011). Exploring motivation for physical activity across the adult lifespan. Psychol Sport Exerc.;12:99-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2010.09.006
• Çankaya, Z.C. (2005). Öz-belirleme modeli: Özerklik desteği, ihtiyaç doyumu ve iyi olma, Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi.
• Cengiz, C., Aşçı, F.H., İnce, M.L. (2010) “Εgzersiz Davranışı Değişim Basamakları Anketi”: Geçerlik Ve Güvenirlik Çalışması Türkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci, 2(1):32-37.
• Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., Hagger, M. S., Biddle, S. J. H., Smith, B. and Wang, J. C. K. (2003). A meta-analysis of perceived locus of causality in exercise, sport, and physical education contexts. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25: 284-306. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.25.3.284
• Craig, C.L., Marshall, A.L., Sjostrom, M., Bauman, A.E. and Booth, M.L. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35: 1381-1395, https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000078924.61453.fb
• Daley, A. and Duda, J. L. (2006). Self-determination, stage of readiness to change for exercise, and frequency of physical activity in young people. European Journal of Sport Science, 6: 231- 243.https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390601012637
• Deci E.L. ve Ryan, R.M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior, Plenum Press, New York.
• Deci E.L. ve Ryan, R.M. (2000). The ‘what’ and ‘why’ of goal pursuits: Human needs and the selfdetermination of behavior, Psychological Inquiry 11: 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1104_01
• Duda, J. L., Chı, L., Newton, M.L., Wallıng, M.D., Catley, D. (1995). Task and ego orientation and intrinsic motivation in sport. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 26: 40–63.
• Dweck, C. ve Leggett, E. (1988). A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality. Psychological Review, 95(2), 256-273. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.95.2.256
• Dyrlund, A.K. (2008). An Examination Of The Integrative Relationship Among The Factors Of Achievement Goal Theory And Self-Determination Theory: Addressing Existing Problems And Missing Links, Florida State University, College Of Education, Doctorate Thesis.
• Edmunds, J., Ntoumanis, N. and Duda, J.L. (2006). A Test of Self-Determination Theory in the Exercise Domain. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 2240-2265. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9029.2006.00102.x
• Edmunds, J.K., Ntoumanis, N., & Duda, J.L. (2007). Perceived autonomy support and psychological need satisfaction in exercise. In M.S. Hagger & N.L.D. Chatzisarantis (Eds.) Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in exercise and sport (pp. 3551). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
• Erkoç, Y. ve Yardım, N. 2011. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Türkiye’de Bulaşıcı Olmayan Hastalıklar ve Risk Faktörleri ile Mücadele Politikaları (1.Baskı). Anıl Matbaası, Ankara. https://doi.org/10.14527/9786053187752.11
• Fritz, T., Wandell, P., Aberg, H., & Engfeldt, P. (2006). Walking for exercise does three times per week influence risk factors in type 2 diabetes? Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 71, 21-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2004.12.003
• Gast, J., Madanat, H., & Nielson, A. C. (2012). Are men more intuitive when it comes to eating and physical activity?. American journal of men's health, 6(2), 164-171. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988311428090
• Ersöz, G., Aşçı F. H., Altıparmak E. (2012). Egzersizde davranışsal düzenlemeler ölçeği-2: geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması (Reliability and validity of behavioral regulations in exercise questionnaire-2). Türkiye Klinikleri Journal Sports Science, 4(1): 22-31.
• Ersöz, G., Müftüler, M., Lapa, T., Tümer, A. (2017). Reliability and validity of goal orientation in exercise measure (GOEM) - Turkish version. Cogent Education, 4:1283877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2017.1283877
• Frederick, C. M. ve Ryan, R. M. (1993). Differences in motivation for sport and exercise and their relations with participation and mental health. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 16: 124–145.
• Fox, K., Goudas, M., Biddle, S., Duda, J., Armstrong, N. (1994). Children’s task and ego goal Achievement goal profiles 443 profiles in sport. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 64: 253–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1994.tb01100.x
• Goudas, M., Biddle, S., Fox, K. (1994). Perceived locus of causality, goal orientations, and perceived competence in school physical education classes, British Journal of Educational Psychology. Nov;64, (Pt 3): 453-463. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1994.tb01116.x
• Hagger M.S., Chatzisarantis N.L.D. (2007) Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in exercise and sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
• Hagger, M.S., Chatzısarantıs, N.L.D. (2008). Self-determination theory and the psychology of exercise. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1: 79-103. https://doi.org/10.1080/17509840701827437
• Hagger, M.S., Chatzisarantis, N.L.D., and Harris, J. (2006). From psychological need satisfaction to intentional behavior: testing a motivational sequence in two behavioral contexts. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 131-138. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167205279905
• Haskell W.L., Lee I.M., Pate R.R., Powell K.E., Blair S.N., Franklin, B.A., ... Bauman (2007) A. Physical activity and public health: Updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation;116:1081- 1093. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.107.185649
• Heuze, J. P., Eys, M., Dubuc, M., Bosselut, G., & Couture, R. (2018). Cohesion, psychological needs, and intrinsic motivation in youth team sport contexts. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 49(1), 55-73.
• Hooper, L., Summerbell, C.D., Higgins, J.P.T., Thompson, R.L., Capps, N.E., Smith, et al. (2001). Dietary fat intake and prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review. British Medical Journal, 322, 757-763. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7289.757
• Ingledew D.K., Markland D. (2008) The role of motives in exercise participation. Psychol Health, 23:807-828. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440701405704
• Ingledew, D.K.I., Markland, D. and Medley, A. (1998). Exercise motives and Stages of Change. Journal of Health Psychology, 3: 477-489. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910539800300403
• Kanamori S, Takamiya T, Inoue S. (2015). Group exercise for adults and elderly: determinants of participation in group exercise and its associations with health outcome. J Phys Fitness Sports Med.;4:315-320. https://doi.org/10.7600/jpfsm.4.315
• Kamal, A. A., & Zulkifli, A. F. (2019). The relationship between extrinsic motivation and physical activity level among students. Malaysian Journal of Movement, Health & Exercise, 8(1).
• Kazak, Z. (2018). Profiles of Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Settings: An Examination of Differences in Contextual Motivation, Affect, and Achievement Goals. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(12), 2871. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122871
• Kazak Çetinkalp, Z., & Lochbaum, M. (2018). Flourishing, affect, and relative autonomy in adult exercisers: A within-person basic psychological need fulfillment perspective. Sports, 6(2), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6020048
• Kingston, K.M., Horrocks, C.S. ve Hanton, S. (2006). Do Multidimensional İntrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation Profiles Discriminate Between Athlete Scholarship Status And Gender?, European Journal Of Sport Science, March; 6(1): 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390500440889
• Kushner, R.F., Mechanick, J.I. 2015. “Lifestyle Medicine—An Emerging New Discipline”. US Endocrinology. 11(1):36–40.
• LI, W., LEE, A.M., SOLMON, M.A. (2005). Relationships among dispositional ability conceptions, intrinsic motivation, perceived competence, experience, persistence, and performance. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 24: 51-65. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.24.1.51
• Lonsdale, C., Hodge, K., & Rose, E. A. (2008). The Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ): Instrument development and initial validity evidence. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30, 323–355. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.30.3.323
• Losier, G. F. ve Vallerand, R. J. (1994). The temporal relationship between perceived competence and self-determined motivation. Journal of Social Psychology, 134: 793-801. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1994.9923014
• Losier, G. F., Bourque, P. E. ve Vallerand, R. J. (1993). A motivational model of leisure motivation in the elderly. Journal of Psychology, 127, 153–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1993.9915551
• Mack, D.E., Wilson, P.M., Oster, K.G., Kowalski, K.C., Crocker, P.R., & Sylvester, B.D. (2011). Well-being in volleyball players: Examining the contributions of independent and balanced psychological need satisfaction. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12, 42 533-539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.05.006
• Mahony D. F., Madrigal R., & Howard D. (2000), Using the psychological commitment to team (PCT) scale to segment sport consumers based on loyalty, Sport Marketing Quarterly, 9 (1), 15-25.
• Mahony, D. F., Nakazawa, M, Funk, D. C., James, J. D., & Gladden, J. M. (2002). Motivational factors influencing the behaviour of J. League spectators. Sports Management Review, 5(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1441-3523(02)70059-4
• Mahony, R., Blake, C., Matthews, J., Donnoghue, G. O., & Cunningham, C. (2019). Physical activity levels and self-determined motivation among future healthcare professionals: Utility of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-2). Physiotherapy theory and practice, 35(9), 884-890. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2018.1457112
• Markland, D. ve Tobin, V. (2004). A modification of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire to include an assessment of amotivation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 26: 191-196. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.26.2.191
• Markland, D.(1999). Self-determination moderates the effects of perceived competence on intrinsic motivation in an exercise setting, Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology (JSEP), 21(4): 351-361. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.21.4.351
• Mathes, S., McGivern, A. and Scneider, C. (1992). The influence of participation and gender on employees’ motives for involvement in a corporate exercise program, Journal of Sport Management, 6: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.6.1.1
• McAuley, E., Wraith, S., Duncan, T.E. (1991). Self-efficacy, perception of success, and intnnsic motivation for exercise. Joumal of Applied Social Psychology. 21 9(2): 139-155. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00493.x
• Moreno, J.A., Cervellô, E., Gonzâlez-Cutre, D. (2007). Analizando la motivación en el deporte: un estudio a través de la teoría de la autodeterminación. Apunt Psicol. No prelo. https://doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy15-4.pmpc
• Mullen, E., Markland, D., Ingledew, D.K. (1997). A graded conceptualization of self-determination in the regulation of exercise behavior: Development of a measure using confirmatory factor analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 23: 745–752. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8869(97)00107-4
• Murcıa, J.A.M., De San Român Blanco, M.L., Galındo, C.M., Vıllodre, N.A., Coll, D.G.C. (2007). Efeffects of the gender, the age and the practice frequency in the motivation and the enjoyment of the physical exercise. Fitness & Performance Journal (Online Edition), 6(3).
• Murcıa, J.A.M., Coll, D.G.C. (2006). Predicción del disfrute en el ejercicio físico según la orientación disposicional y la motivación autodeterminada. Análisis y modificación de conducta, 32(146): 767-780. https://doi.org/10.3900/fpj.7.6.357.s
• Nicholls J.G. (1984) Achievement motivation: Concepts of ability, subjective experience, task choice, and performance. Psychol Rev., 91:328–346. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033- 295x.91.3.328
• Nicholls JG.(1989) The competitive ethos and democratic education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Ntoumanis, N., Biddle, S.J.H. (1999). Affect and achievement goals in physical activity: Ametaanalysis. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 9: 315–332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1999.tb00253.x
• Ntoumanis, N. (2005). A prospective study of participation in optional school physical education based on Self-determination Theory. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97, 444453. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.97.3.444
• Ntoumani, C.T. ve Ntoumanis, N. (2006). The role of self-determined motivation in the understanding of exercise-related behaviours, cognitions and physical self-evaluations, Journal of Sports Sciences; 24(4): 393-404. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500131670
• Ntoumanis, N., Thøgersen‐Ntoumani, C., Quested, E., & Hancox, J. (2017). The effects of training group exercise class instructors to adopt a motivationally adaptive communication style. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 27(9), 1026-1034. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12713
• Özer, G. (2009). HİK Çerçevesinde İhtiyaç Doyumu, İçsel Güdülenme Ve Bağlanma Stillerinin Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Öznel İyi Oluşlarına Etkileri, Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eğitim Bilimleri ABD., Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
• Öztürk, M. (2005). Üniversitede Eğitim-Öğretim Gören Ögrencilerde Uluslararası fiziksel Aktivite Anketinin Geçerliliği ve Güvenirliği ve Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Fizik Tedavi Ve Rehabilitasyon Programı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara.
• Pelletier, L. G., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., Tuson, K. M. and Brière, N. M. (1995). Toward a new measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation in sports: The sport motivation scale (sms). Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17: 35-53. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.17.1.35
• Petherick, C., Markland, D. (2008). The development of a goal orientation in exercise measure (GOEM). Measurement in Physical Education & Exercise Science, 12(2): 55-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/10913670801903902
• Pintrich, , P., ve Schunk, D. (1996). Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications. New Jersey: Prentice- Hall.
• Reınboth, M., Duda, J. (2006). Perceived motivacional climate, need satisfaction and indices of wellbeing in team sports: a longitudinal perspective. Psychol. Sport Exerc. 7: 269–286, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2005.06.002
• Rodrigues, F., Bento, T., Cid, L., Neiva, H. P., Teixeira, D., Moutão, J., ... & Monteiro, D. (2018). Can interpersonal behavior influence the persistence and adherence to physical exercise practice in adults? A systematic review. Frontiers in psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02141.
• Rodrigues, F., Teixeira, D. S., Cid, L., Machado, S., & Monteiro, D. (2019). The role of dark‐side of motivation and intention to continue in exercise: A self‐determination theory approach. Scandinavian journal of psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12582
• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Publications. https://doi.org/10.7202/1041847ar
• Ryan, R.R. and Deci, E.L. (2000). Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being. American Psychologist, 55: 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.68
• Ryan, R.M., Frederick, C.M., Lepes, D., Rubio, N. and Sheldon, K.M. (1997). Intrinsic motivation and exercise adherence. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 28, 335-354.
• Ryan, R.M., Frederıck, C.M., Lepes, D., Rubıo, N., Sheldon, K.M. (1999). Intrinsic motivation and exercise adherence. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 28: 335-354.
• Sabiston, C. M., Brunet, J., Kowalski, K. C., Wilson, P. M., Mack, D. E., & Crocker, P. R. (2010). The role of body-related self-conscious emotions in motivating women’s physical activity. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 32(4), 417-437. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.32.4.417
• Sebire, S. J., Standage, M., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2009). Examining intrinsic versus extrinsic exercise goals: Cognitive, affective, and behavioral outcomes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31, 189-210. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.31.2.189
• Sibley, B. A., & Bergman, S. M. (2018). What keeps athletes in the gym? Goals, psychological needs, and motivation of CrossFit™ participants. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(5), 555-574. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197x.2017.1280835
• Smith, A. L., Ntoumanis, N., Duda, J. L., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2011). Goal striving, coping, and well-being: A prospective investigation of the self-concordance model in sport. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33, 124-145. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.1.124
• Standage, M., Duda, J.L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2005). A test of Self-determination Theory in school physical education. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 411-433. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709904x22359
• Standage, M., Gillison, F.B., & Treasure, D.C. (2007). Self-determination and motivation in physical education. In M.S. Hagger & N.L.D. Chatzisarantis (Eds.) Intrinsic motivation and selfdetermination in exercise and sport (pp. 7185). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
• Standage, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2019). Self-determination theory in sport and exercise. Handbook of sport psychology (4th ed., pp. 352-378). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
• Stenling, A., Lindwall, M., & Hassmén, P. (2015). Changes in perceived autonomy support, need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in young elite athletes. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 4(1), 50-61, https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000027
• Sylvester, B. D., Curran, T., Standage, M., Sabiston, C. M., & Beauchamp, M. R. (2018). Predicting exercise motivation and exercise behavior: A moderated mediation model testing the interaction between perceived exercise variety and basic psychological need satisfaction. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 36, 50-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.01.004
• Tabachnick, B.G., Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). New Jersey: Pearso T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. 2015. Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı, https://dosyasb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/23530,2015-yili29pdf.pdf?0 Son erişim tarihi: 21.03.2019
• US Department of Health and Human Services (2008). Physical activity guidelines for Americans. Washington, DC: USDHHS.
• Vallerand, R.J. (2001). Deci and Ryan’s Self-Determination Theory: A View From the Hierarchical Model of İntrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation.
• Vallerand, R.J. and Fortier, M.S. (1998). Measures of İntrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and physical activity: A review and critique. In J. Duda (Ed.). Advancements in sport and exercise psychology measurement, Morgan town.
• Vallerand, R. J. ve Losier, G. F. (1999). An integrative analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 11, 142–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413209908402956
• Verner-Filion, J., Vallerand, R. J., Amiot, C. E., & Mocanu, I. (2017). The two roads from passion to sport performance and psychological well-being: The mediating role of need satisfaction, deliberate practice, and achievement goals. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 30, 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.01.009
• Vlachopoulos, S.P., Aşçı, F.H., Cıd, L., Ersöz, G., Gonzalez-Cutre, D., Moreno-Murcıa, J.A., Moutao, J. (2013). Cross-cultural invariance of the basic psychological needs in exercise scale and need satisfaction latent mean differences among Greek, Spanish, Portuguese and Turkish samples. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(5): 622-631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.03.002
• Vlachopoulos, S.P., Michailidou, S. (2006). Development and initial validation of a measure of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in exercise: The Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale. Measurement in physical education and exercise science, 10(3): 179-201. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327841mpee1003_4
• Wagner, L. A. (2009). Occupational stress and coping resources of K–12 probationary teachers. Yayımlanmamış Doktora tezi, The College of Education. University of Denver.
• Wang, C.K.J., Biddle, S.J.H. (2001). Young people’s motivational profiles in physical activity: A cluster analysis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 23: 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.23.1.1
• Wang, C. J., Koh, K. T., & Chatzisarantis, N. (2009). An intra-individual analysis of players' perceived coaching behaviours, psychological needs, and achievement goals. International journal of sports science & coaching, 4(2), 177-192. https://doi.org/10.1260/174795409788549472
• Wilson, P. M., Rodgers, W. M. ve Fraser, S. N. (2002). Cross-validation of the revised motivation for physical activity measure in active women. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 73(4), 471–478. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2002.10609048
• Wılson, P.M., Rodgers, W.M., Fraser, S.N., Murray, T.C. (2004). Relationships between exercise regulations and motivational consequences in university students. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 75: 81-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2004.10609136
• Yeltepe, H. (2007). Spor ve Egzersiz Psikolojisi, Epsilon Yayıncılık, 1. Baskı.
• Yli-Piipari, S., John Wang, C. K., Jaakkola, T., & Liukkonen, J. (2012). Examining the growth trajectories of physical education students’ motivation, enjoyment, and physical activity: A person-oriented approach. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 24(4), 401-417.
• Zanatta, T., Rottensteiner, C., Konttinen, N., & Lochbaum, M. (2018). Individual motivations, motivational climate, enjoyment, and physical competence perceptions in Finnish team sport athletes: a prospective and retrospective study. Sports. Basel: MDPI, 2018, 6(4), 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6040165