COVID-19 Salgını Sürecinde Bireylerin Psikolojik Sağlamlıkları: Stresle Başa ÇıkmaTarzları ve Ontolojik İyi Oluş

2019 aralık ayından beri tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan COVID-19 salgını, birçok kişinin hayatınıkaybetmesine, bireylerin alışkanlıklarının, yaşam şartlarının ani ve büyük ölçüde değişmesine neden olmuştur.Bu çalışmanın amacı COVID-19 salgını sürecinde 14-66 yaş arasındaki bireylerin psikolojik sağlamlıkları ilestresle başa çıkma tarzları ve ontolojik iyi oluşları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bursa Uludağ ÜniversitesiEtik Kurulu 02/10/2020 tarihli 15 sayılı kararına göre araştırmanın yapılması uygun bulunmuştur ve bukapsamda veriler toplanmıştır. Nicel araştırma yöntemleri ile gerçekleştirilen çalışmada, cinsiyete görekarşılaştırma yapmak için bağımsız örneklem t testi, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek için Pearsonkorelasyon analizi, değişkenlerin birbirini açıklama gücünü belirlemek için çoklu regresyon analizikullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 422 kadın 136 erkek olmak üzere toplam 558 kişi oluşturmaktadır.Katılımcıların psikolojik sağlamlığını belirlemek için “Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği”, ontolojik iyioluşlarını belirlemek için “Yaşam Projesi Ölçeği”, başa çıkma tarzlarını belirlemek içinse “Stresle Başa ÇıkmaTarzları Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda psikolojik sağlamlık, yaşam projesi ve stresle başaçıkma tarzlarının bazı alt boyutlarının cinsiyete göre farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir. Yaşam projesinin pişmanlık,aktivasyon ve hiçlik alt boyutlarının puan ortalamaları düzenli gelir elde etmeye göre farklılaşmaktadır. Streslebaş etme tarzları ile ontolojik iyi oluş değişkenlerinin, psikolojik sağlamlığa ilişkin toplam varyansın %47’siniaçıkladığı görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda psikososyal destek çalışmalarında ve bu konuya yönelik psikoeğitimprogramlarında bireylerin psikolojik sağlamlıklarının artırılması için iyimser ve kendine güvenen yaklaşımıngeliştirilmesine, yaşam amacına yönelik çalışmalara yer verilebilir

Psychological Resilience of Individuals During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Stress Coping Styles andOntological Well-being

This study investigated the relationship between psychological resilience, coping styles, andontological well-being of individuals between the ages of 14-66 years during the COVID-19 outbreak. As it isknown, the COVID-19 epidemic, which affected the whole world in 2019-2020, caused many deaths and hasnot been taken under control. According to the decision of Bursa Uludağ University Ethics Committee No. 15dated 02/10/2020, it was found appropriate to conduct the research and data were collected in this context. Inparticular, the existence of various restrictions during the epidemic process and the sudden and drastic changein the habits and living conditions of the individuals can cause problems in terms of mental health. It is possibleto cope with adverse conditions, to be able to cope with the stressors affecting individuals, and also to adapt tothe problems without giving up. In addition, individuals' positive and negative attitudes towards their lives,future plans, the qualities of their current lives and how they evaluate the past may also be effective in dealingwith their problems. Therefore, it is suggested to determine the factors on psychological resilience and revealthe relationship between stress- coping styles and the psychological resilience to cope with the pandemic andprotect mental health. In this sense, an independent sample t-test was used to compare gender differences.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to describe the relationships between variables, and multipleregression analysis was used to determine the power of variables to identify each other. The study sampleconsisted of 558 people, 422 females and 136 males. The "Brief Resilience Scale" was applied to assess thepsychological resilience; the "Ontological Well-being Scale" to describe the ontological well-being and the"Stress Coping Styles Scale" to determine the coping styles of the participants. As a result of the analysis, itwas determined that some sub-dimensions of psychological resilience, life project and coping styles differ bygender. The mean scores of the regret, activation and nothingness sub-dimensions of the life project differaccording to the regular income. It has been observed that coping styles with stress and ontological well-beingvariables explain 47% of the total variance regarding psychological resilience. In this context, development ofan optimistic and self-confident approach and studies for the purpose of life can be included in psychosocialsupport studies and psychoeducation programs for this subject.

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