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LOJİSTİK SEKTÖRÜNÜN EKONOMİYE ETKİSİ: OECD ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA

Günümüzde, uluslararası rekabette üstün olma ve galip çıkmada ulaştırma hizmetleri anahtar rol oynamaktadır. Çünkü yeni pazarlara girmek için yüksek standartlarda güvenilir, hızlı ve düşük maliyetli ulaştırma sistemlerine sahip olmak gerekmektedir. Ekonomik anlamda yaşanan küreselleşme, dış ticaret politikalarının liberalleşmesine yönelik uygulamalar üzerinde etkisini gösterirken, depolama ve iletişimle birlikte ulaştırma sektöründe yaşanan gelişme ve dolayısıyla değişmeler ve yenilikler de önemli katkı sağlamaktadır. Üretim maliyetlerinin ve tüketiciye teslim fiyatlarının düşmesine yönelik uygulamalar, fiziksel dağıtımın önemli olduğunu ortaya çıkarmış ve bu durum mikro ve makro düzeyde lojistik kavramının daha fazla önem kazanmasını sağlamıştır. Yaşanan gelişim ve değişimler sonucunda yalnızca üretim değil, üretim için kullanılan malzeme ve hammaddelerin üreticiye, üreticiden müşterilere zamanında teslim edilmesi ve bunun uygun ve ekonomik koşullarda gerçekleştirilmesi, üreticilerin faaliyetlerini geliştirmelerine olanak sağlarken, ekonomik gelişmenin hızlanması açısından da oldukça önemli duruma gelmiştir. Lojistik sektörü, yarattığı istihdam, milli gelir ve yabancı yatırımları yönlendirmesi açısından ülke ekonomisine makro açıdan önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır. Lojistik sektörünün katkıları mikro açıdan ise firmaların rekabet gücünü artırması açısından görülmektedir. Lojistik sektörü, sağladığı makro ve mikro katkıları, ülkelerin rekabet gücünü sağlamada en önemli kilit sektör halini almıştır. Ayrıca lojistik sektörü diğer sektörlerin canlanması ve rekabet gücünün artırılması açısından da önemli misyon yüklenmiştir. Tüm sektörler artık gelinen noktada lojistik sektörüne bağımlı hale gelmiştir. Tez çalışmasında lojistik sektörünün ekonomiye etkisi OECD ülkelerinde 1970-2014 dönemi için araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada dengesiz panel veri analizi kullanılmıştır. OECD ülkelerinde ilgili dönemde taşıma ve haberleşme sektörlerini temsil eden değişkenlerin ekonomik büyüme üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

FFECTS OF LOGISTICS INDUSTRY TO ECONOMY: AN APLLICATION ON THE OECD COUNTRIES

Nowadays, transportation services play a key role in winning and winning in international competition. Because it is necessary to have high standards of reliable, fast and low cost transportation systems to enter new markets. While the globalization in the economic sense has an impact on the practices towards liberalization of foreign trade policies, the developments in the transportation sector along with the storage and communication also contribute to the changes and innovations. Practices to reduce production costs and delivery prices to the consumer have revealed that physical distribution is important and this has led to a greater importance of the concept of logistics at the micro and macro level. As a result of the developments and changes, not only the production but also the materials and raw materials used for production, the delivery of the materials to the producers, the producers in time and the realization of these conditions under suitable and economic conditions has enabled the producers to improve their activities and has become very important in terms of accelerating the economic development. Logistics sector, which creates jobs, provides an important contribution to the national income and in terms of macro economy of the country in terms of foreign investment orientation. In terms of micro- contribution it is seen in terms of the logistics sector to boost the competitiveness of firms. Logistics services provided by the macro and micro contributions in ensuring the competitiveness of key sectors of the country has taken the most important state. In addition, the logistics sector has loaded important mission in terms of increasing the recovery and competitiveness of other sectors. All sectors have now become dependent on the logistics industry at this point. The impact on the economy of the logistics industry has been investigated in the thesis for the 1970-2014 period in OECD countries. unbalanced panel data analysis were used in the study. transport and communication sectors represented in the corresponding period of the variables in OECD countries has been found to have positive and significant effect on economic growth.

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