KUR'AN'DAKİ "SE'Â" KELİMESİNİN ANLAM ANALİZİ VE TÜRKÇEYE ÇEVİRİ SORUNU

"Se'â" kelimesi Kur'an-ı Kerîm'de isim ve fiil kalıbında otuz ayette geçmektedir. Lügatte yürümek, hızlı hareket etmek, gitmek ve yönelmek gibi anlamlara gelirken en yaygın biçimde bir işi yapmada ortaya konan gayret ve çaba anlamında kullanılmıştır. Söz konusu kelimenin Kur'an-ı Kerîm'de etmek/koşuşturmak/koşar içtenlikle/ciddiyetle/çabalayarak kullanılmıştır. Bu anlamlar arasında en yaygın olan kullanım ise bir işi yapmada ortaya konulan çaba/gayret ve o işi özümseyerek yapma manasıdır. Kur'an kelimelerinin anlamları üzerine yapılan özel çalışmalar olarak nitelendirebileceğimiz Vücûh ve Nezâir eserlerinde ortaya konan yaklaşım da bu minvaldedir "Se'â" kelimesi meallerin tamamına yakınında kelimenin ender kullanılan anlamları arasında yer alan "koşma" manasında çevrilmiştir. Söz konusu bu anlam pek çok ayetin bağlamına uygun düşmemekte ve okuyucunun zihninde ayetin manasının kavranması konusunda bir takım istifhamlar oluşturmaktadır. Sözgelimi Hz. Musa'nın asasının bir mucize ile yılan oluşundan bahseden Tâhâ suresi 20. ayetteki "se'â" kelimesine "yılanın koşması" şeklinde bir anlam yüklenmesi okuyucunun zihninde yılan nasıl koşar? şeklinde bir istifhamın oluşmasına neden olmaktadır. Ancak "koşma" kelimesi yerine Kur'an'da kullanıldığı anlamlardan birisi olan "hızla hareket etme" manası verilerek "hızla kıvrılan/hareket eden/sürünen bir yılan oldu" şeklinde bir mana verilmesi herhangi bir anlama güçlüğü oluşturmayacaktır. Bu çalışmada dilbilimcilerin ve erken dönem tefsirler başta olmak üzere müfessirlerin, Vücûh ve Nezâir âlimlerinin "se'â" kelimesinin Kur'an'da geçtiği yerlerde kelimeye yükledikleri anlamdan hareketle Türkçeye tercüme edilmesinde tespit edilen hatalar ortaya konulmuş ve bir takım deliller ışığında doğru tercüme örnekleri verilmiştir.

THE MEANING ANALYSIS OF "SE'Â" WORD IN THE QURAN AND THE PROBLEM OF TRANSLATION INTO TURKISH

The word "se'â" passed thirty times as a name and as a verb in the Quran. It means like walking in the lug, moving fast, going and fronting, The sense of effort is used to put forward in doing a job most commonly, this word is used in the sense of effort. It is used in the Quran in three manners: to walk/advance/go, to move fast/fast/to run/run step by step, to do something sincerely/seriously/effortlessly. The most common use among these meanings is the effort /effort made by doing a job and the way it is done by assimilating it. The approach put forward in the works of "Vücûh and Nezâir", which we can characterize as the special works on the meanings of the Quranic words, are also in this minval. The Word "se'â" has been translated in the sense of "running" in all Turkish traduction of the Quran, which is among the rare meanings of the word. In other words, this meaning does not correspond to the real context in many verses and constitutes a number of explanations confusions in the reader's mind during the understanding of the meaning of verses of the Quran. To the reference of the prophet, as the scepter of Moses' sack became a serpent as a miracle in the 20. verses of Taha Surat, "se'â" has a sense of running a snake, how does a snake run in the reader's mind? Causing a question mark in this form. However, instead of the word "running" the meaning of being used in the Quran is given to the meaning of "moving quickly", as giving a meaning to "a snake that is swirling/moving/creeping rapidly" will notmake any sense of difficulty. In this study, linguists and early commentators, especially commentators, Al-Wujuh (polysemy) and Al-Nazhair (synonymy) in the sense that their scholars uploaded to the words of se'â in places passed in the Quran errors were detected during the translation into Turkish and some examples of correct translations are given in the view of evidence The Quran was sent in Arabic and the Arabs, who are the first respondent, were addressed with the words they know. Therefore, in order to understand the Quran properly, it is necessary to correctly understand the language in which it is written. There is no doubt that the smallest construction that has a meaning in a language is words. Due to this reason, examining all the words and concepts in Quran etymologically and semantically has an important role in Quran commentary. One of the basic requirements of correct understanding of the Quran is to determine the correct meanings of the words according to the time period that Wahy (revelation) was sent. In the Quran, the word "se 'â" is used in thirty verses, in the form of name and verb. Whereas in dictionary meaning it is used as to walk, to move quickly, to go and to head, it is commonly used as endeavour and effort to do a job. In the Quran this word is used in three different meanings; the first one is to walk, to proceed, and to go; the second is to move fast and constantly, to rush, and to move on the double; and the last one is to do something sincerely, earnestly, and by striving. Among these meanings the most common usage is to do something sincerely, earnestly, and by striving. The approach being put forward in the works of Al-Wujuh (polysemy) and Al-Nazhair (synonymy), which can be characterized as special works on the comprehension of the Quran words, is also in the same manner. The aim of this study is to identify the meaning of the word "Se'â" which was assigned to it at the time period when Wahy was sent and the meanings which Quran assigned to the word, and to point out the problems in translating it into Turkish. The Conceptual Framework of the Study There is no certain study that analyses the meaning of the word "Se'â" in the Quran and handles the Turkish translation of the word. The Quran is the written form of Wahy, which is a tool for communication between the God and the servants and to deliver his messages to them, and in its own context, every single word used by the Almighty Creator in the Quran has very important meanings and messages to be given. Therefore, accurate detection of these meanings given to the words is an important element in understanding the messages of the Creator. Since there is no certain study that reveals the mistakes made in the translation of the word "Se'â" into Turkish, this study fulfils a need in the field and offers a contribution at the point of understanding the Quran and not misunderstanding even a single word of it. Method In this study, the meaning of "Se'â" word was taken into consideration by using early period dictionaries, Al-Wujuh and AlNazhair books and commentary books, and then correct examples of translations were tried to be presented within the frame of the results obtained by determining errors in the translation of the word in Turkish meaning. First of all, the verses, in which the word "Se'â" is used and the most mistakes were made in Turkish translation, were handled in reference to the Koran contexture. Examples of translations of each verse were given, and then early period commentary, Al-Wujuh and Al-Nazhair books, which deal with the meanings of the words in the Quran, and the works of Gharib al-Quran were utilized. It was tired to determine the most appropriate translation for the context of the verse by taking the dictionary of the Turkish Language Association as the most accurate way of expressing the word in Turkish language. The word "Se'â" is translated as "running", which is among the rarely used meanings of the word, in almost all of the translations. This meaning does not accord with the context of many verses and it causes some question marks in reader's mind about comprehension of the meaning of the verse. For instance, in the twentieth verse of Surah TaHa, which mentions about the miracle of Moses' Rod turning into a snake, using the word "Se'â" as 'running of a snake' will raise question marks in the mind of a reader: 'How does a snake run?' However, instead of the word 'running', using the meaning 'moving quickly', which is one of the meanings used in Quran, as 'swiftly wriggling / moving / creeping snake' will not make sense of difficulty. Conclusions and Recommendations In this study, in which we analysed the meanings of the "Se'â" and tried to point out the mistakes made in translating it into Turkish, we gathered the following results: It has been determined that the word "Se'â" is widely used among the Arabs as to walk/go, to run on the double, to work, to move fast, to do something sincerely and to strive. The word "Se'â" is used as 'running' in one of the prophet's hadiths which has different rumours, and it is understood from the expressions of linguistics that this meaning is not common in lexical meaning; the meaning used by Arabs is more like a saving made in all kinds of work. As it is understood from the examples we have put forward, it is determined that the word "Se'â" is not used in the meaning of 'running' according to the opinion of the vast majority of the glossators and the scholars of Al-Wujuh and Al-Nazhair. As far as we determined, in the Quran the word "Se'â" is generally used in the meaning of doing something (act/verb). Therefore, it refers 'to do something purposefully, caringly and earnestly.' In the verses of the Quran the word "Se'â" is mostly interpreted as 'running', the examples in the verses Al-Baqarah 260, Surah Ta-Ha 20 and 66, Surah Ya-sin 20, Surah Al-Qasas 20, Surah Al-Hadid 12, Surah At-Tahrim 8, Surah Al-Jumuah 9, and Surah ´Abasa 8 put forward that this interpretation is not correct in terms of both lexical meaning and context of the verses. Among these, in the 260th verse of Al-Baqarah and in the 20th and 66th verses of Surah Ta-Ha, the word "Se'â" is used in the meaning of 'moving quickly and swiftly.' The translation of the verses can be done in the following manner, respectively: "then call them - they will come [flying] to you (quickly)"; So he threw it down, and thereupon it was a snake, moving swiftly"; "He said, 'Rather, you throw.' And suddenly their ropes and staffs seemed to him from their magic that they were moving (quickly) [like snakes]." In the 20th verses of Surah Ya-sin and Surah Al-Qasas, and in the 8th Surah ´Abasa, the word is used in the meaning of 'striving'. According to this approach, the translations of the verses should be as the following: "And there came from the farthest end of the city a man, (striving). He said, "O my people, follow the messengers."; "And a man came from the farthest end of the city, (striving)."; "But as for he who came to you striving." In the 12th verse of Surah Al-Hadid and in the 8th verse of Surah At-Tahrim, it is used as 'proceeding'. According to this approach, the translations of the verses should be as the following: "On the Day you see the believing men and believing women, their light proceeding before them and on their right." In the 9th verse of the Surah Al-Jumuah it has been put forward that the meaning 'to do something sincerely and earnestly' is more accurate. According to this approach, the translations of the verses should be as the following: "O you who have believed, when [the adhan] is called for the prayer on the day of Jumu'ah [Friday], then proceed (sincerely and earnestly) to the remembrance of Allah and leave trade."

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İNTERNET SİTESİ:

http://www.kuranmeali.org. Erişim tarihi: 20.01.2017.

http://www.tdk.org.tr/index.php?option=com_gts&view=gts. Erişim tarihi 20.02.2017.