MENNONİT KİLİSESİ'NİN İNANÇ ESASLARI, ÖĞRETİLERİ VE SAKRAMENTLERİ*

Bu makale, Mennonit Kilisesi'nin inanç esaslarını, öğretilerini ve sakramentlerini anlatmak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Mennonit Kilisesi, 16. yüzyılda meydana gelen reform hareketlerinden biri olan Anabaptist hareketin temel taşıdır. Anabaptist hareketini diğer reform hareketlerinden ayıran en önemli fark, bebek vaftizini reddederek yetişkin vaftizini savunmasıdır. 16. yüzyılda ortaya çıkan reform hareketi birçok Katolik rahibi etkisi altına almıştır. Bu Katolik rahiplerinden biri olan Menno Simons, Katolik Kilisesi'nin uyguladığı bebek vaftizinin Kitab-ı Mukaddes'te yer almadığını ileri sürmüştür. Menno Simons, Kitab-ı Mukaddes'te İsa Mesih'in ve havarilerin yetişkin iken vaftiz olmalarını ve diğer yetişkinleri vaftiz etmelerini delil göstererek gerçek vaftizin yetişkin vaftizi olduğunu iddia etmiştir. Bununla birlikte Menno Simons, Katolik Kilisesi'nin ekmek şarap ayinine yüklediği anlamı da reddetmiştir. Yani Katolik Kilisesi'nin ekmek şarap ayini sırasında, ekmeğin İsa Mesih'in gerçek etine, şarabın da İsa Mesih'in gerçek kanına dönüşmesi olayını reddetmiştir. Bu nedenlerle 1536 yılında Katolik Kilisesi'nden ayrılarak Anabaptist harekete katılmış ve Mennonit Kilisesi'ni kurmuştur. Menno Simons, kendi fikirleri konusunda Kitab-ı Mukaddes'ten ayrılmadığını belirtmiştir. Mennonitler, Menno'nun ölümünden sonra Mennonit ikrarının son şeklini belirlemiştir. Mennonit Kilisesi, Mennonit ikrarını oluştururken Kitab-ı Mukaddes'i, eski kilise liderlerinin yazılarını, vilayet kilise ilahiyatçılarının halk tartışmalarını, Martry's Mirror'u ve yapılan konferansların kararlarını temel alarak hazırladıklarını belirtir. Mennonitlerin inanç esaslarını oluşturmada temel aldıkları kaynak olan konferans kararları arasından bugün kullanılan inanç ikrarı, Peter Janz Twisck ve Cornelis Ris ikrarlarıdır.

MENNONİT KİLİSESİ'NİN İNANÇ ESASLARI, ÖĞRETİLERİ VE SAKRAMENTLERİ*

This article is investigated to describe the beliefs and sacraments of the Mennonite Church. The Mennonite Church is the cornerstone of the Anabaptist movement, one of the reform movements that took place in the 16th century. The main difference that distinguishes the Anabaptist movement from other reform movements is that it defends the adult baptism by rejecting the baby baptism. The reform movement, that took place in the 16th century, influenced many Catholic priests. Menno Simons, one of these Catholic priests, declared that adult's baptism is written in the bible instead of the baby's ones. Menno Simons, claimed that the true baptism was an adult baptism, proving that Jesus Christ and the apostles were baptized when they were grown up and baptized other adults. Menno Simons, also rejected the implication that the Catholic Church put it on the Lord's Supper. At the same time he rejected the turn of the bread into the real meat of Jesus, and the wine into the true blood of Jesus, during the Lord's Supper. For this reason he left the Catholic Church in 1536 and joined the Anabaptist movement and founded the Mennonite Church. Menno Simons stated that he did not leave the Bible about his own ideas. The Mennonites have determined the final form of Mennonite Confession after the death of Menno. The Mennonite Church states that it takes the bible as its basis for its own testimony, the writings of the old church leaders, the public debates of the provincial church theologians, Martyr's Mirror, and the decisions of the conferences. Peter Janz Twisck and Cornelis Ris are today's belief conviction among the conference decisions that the Mennonites used as a basis for establishing its belief conviction.

PDF

___

KAydın, Mahmut, Anahatlarıyla Dinler Tarihi, İstanbul, 2010.

Aydın, Mehmet, Hıristiyan Kaynaklarına Göre Hıristiyanlık, Ankara, 2007.

Dosker, Henry, Elias, The Dutch Anabaptists, The Stone Lectures Delivered at the Princeton Theological Seminary 1918- 1919, The Judson Press, Philadelphia, 1921.

Dyck, Cornelius, An Introduction to Mennonite History: A Popular History of The Anabaptists and The Mennonites, Herald Press, Third Editon, Scottdale, Pennsylvania, 1993.

Erbaş, Ali, Hristiyanlık, İstanbul, 2004.

________, Hristiyanlık'ta Reform ve Protestanlık Tarihi, 2. Baskı, İstanbul, 2007.

Fretz, Joseph Winfield, The Waterloo Mennonites: A Community in Paradox, Waterloo Ontario, Canada, 1989.

General Conference Mennonite Church, Confession of Faith in a Mennonite Perspective, Published by Arrangement with the General Board of the General Conference Mennonite Church and The Mennonite Church General Board, Herald Press, Scottdale, Pennsylvania, Waterloo Ontario, 1995.

Goertz, Hans Jürgen, "Karlstadt, Müntzer and The Reformation of the Commoners, 1521- 1525", A Companion to Anabaptism and Spiritualism, 1521- 1700, Edit. John D. Roth, James M. Stayer, Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition, A Series of Handbooks and Reference Works on The Intellectual and Religious Life of Europe, 500- 1700, Volume 6, Leiden, Boston, 2007.

Hartzler, J. S.- Kauffman, Daniel, Mennonite Church History, Mennonite Book and Tract Society Published, Scottdale, Pennsylvania, 1905.

Heatwole, L. J., Mennonite Handbook of Information, Mennonite General Conference Through its Historical Committee, Mennonite Publishing House, Scottdale Pennsylvania, 1925.

Horsch, John, Menno Simons, His Life, Labors and Teachings, Mennonite Publishing House, Scottdale Pennsylvania, 1916.

Katar, Mehmet, Hıristiyanlık, Yahudilik ve İslam'da Tövbe, Töre Basım Yayın, Ankara, 1997.

Kauffman, Daniel, Manual of Bible Doctrines, Mennonite Publishing Co., Elkhart Indiana, 1898.

Kılıç, Sami, İlahi Dinlerde Yiyecek ve İçecekler, Sarkaç Yayınları, Ankara, 2011.

Krahn, Cornelius, Dutch Anabaptism, Origin, Spread, Life and Thought, (1450- 1600), The Hague, Netherlands, 1968.

Kreider, Alan, "Initiation: Becoming Resident Aliens", Mennonite Life, Vol. 57 No. 2, Bethel College, June, 2002.

Kutsal Kitap, Kitab-ı Mukaddes Şirketi, Ohan Matbaası, 3. Basım, İstanbul, 2003.

Leowen Harry- Nolt, Steven, Through Fire and Water, an Overview of Mennonite History, Herald Press, Scottdale, Pennsylvania, 1996.

Özkan, Ali Rafet, "Baptistler, Anabaptistler", Yaşayan Dünya Dinleri, DİB, Edit. Prof. Dr. Şinasi Gündüz, Ankara, 2007.

Peachey, Paul, "The "Free Church?": A Time Whose Idea Has Not Come", Anabaptism Revisited, Essays On Anabaptist/ Mennonite Studies in Honor of C. J. Dyck, Edit. Walter Klaassen, Herald Press, Scottdale, Pennsylvania, 1992.

Andrew Pettegree, The Reformation: Critiacal Concepts in Historical Studies, II. Cilt, Routledge, 2004.

Ris, Cornelis, Mennonite Articles of Faith, as Set Forth in Public Confession of the Church, Pastor of The Mennonite Church at Hoorn, Holland, Translate: Mennonite Book Concern, Berne, Indiana, 1904.

Roth, John, D., Practices, Mennonite Worship and Witness, Herald Press, Scottdale Pennsylvania, 2009.

Simon, Menno, "A Foundation and Plain Instruction", The Complete Works of Menno Simons, Elkhart, Indiana, 1871.

______, "Menno Simons's Renunciation of the Church of Rome", The Complete Works of Menno Simons, Elkhart, Indiana, 1871.

______, "The Conversion of Menno Simons and His Renunciation of the Church of Roma", The Complete Works of Menno Simons, Elkhart, Indiana, 1871.

Smith, C. Henry, The Mennonites, A Brief History of their Origin and Later Development in Both Europe and America, Berne, Indiana, 1920.

______, The Mennonites of America, Mennonite Publishing House, Scottdale Pennsylvania, 1909.

Snyder, C. Arnold, "Swiss Anabaptism: The Beginnings, 1523- 1525", A Companion to Anabaptism and Spiritualism, 1521- 1700, Edit. John D. Roth- James M. Stayer, Brill's Companions to The Christian Tradition, A Series of Handbooks and Reference Works on The Intellectual and Religious Life of Europe, 500- 1700, Volume 6, Leiden, Boston, 2007.

Tinsley, Barbara Sher, Pierre Bayle's Reformation: Consicience and Criticism on The Eve of The Englightenment, Danvers, Massachusetts, 2001.

Weaver, J. Denny, Becoming Anabaptist: The Origin and Significance of Sicteenth- Century Anabaptism, Scottdale, Pennsylvania, Waterloo, Ontario, 1987.

Wenger, John, Christian, What Mennonites Believe, Revised Edition, Herald Press, Scottdale, Pennsylvania, Waterloo, Ontario, 1991. Williams, George H.; Mergal, Angel M., Spiritual and Anabaptist Writers, Edit. George H.

Williams, Angel M. Mergal, The Library of Christian Classics, Westminster John Knox Press, Lousville, Kentucky, 2006