İŞ GÜCÜ VERİMLİLİĞİ VE DOĞRUDAN YABANCI YATIRIMLAR ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİ İÇİN AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ
İş gücü verimliliği, üretimde kullanılan girdilerin çıktı üzerindeki etkisini ölçen önemli araçlardan bir tanesidir. Verimlilikteki artışın ise sürekli kılınması, ülkelere daha çok üretim yapabilme, üretim süresini kısalması, daha kaliteli ve daha ucuza mal ve hizmet üretebilme avantajı sağlamaktadır. Bu açıdan, ülke ekonomileri için iş gücü verimliliğinin artırılmasında uygulanacak politikalar önemli hale gelmektedir. İş gücü verimliliğini, ev sahibi ülkeye transfer etmiş oldukları teknoloji unsurlarından dolayı doğrudan yabancı yatırımların etkilediği bilinmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye ekonomisinde son yıllarda artan doğrudan yabancı yatırımların iş gücü verimliliği üzerindeki etkisini ampirik olarak analiz etmektir. Bu kapsamda 1971- 2015 yılları arasında Türkiye’de DYY’nin iş gücü verimliliği üzerindeki etkisi ampirik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada birim kök testlerinden sonra, eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin test edilmesinde Johansen (1988; 1991) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Uzun dönem katsayıları ise Dinamik En Küçük Kareler yöntemi (DOLS) yöntemi ile tahmin edilmiştir. Eşbütünleşme test sonuçları; iş-gücü verimliliği, DYY, dışa açıklık, küreselleşme ve sermaye bikrimi arasında uzun dönemli bir denge ilişkisinin varlığını işaret etmektedir. Uzun dönem katsayı tahmin sonuçları ise, DYY’nin iş gücü verimliliği üzerinde pozitif ve istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Nedensellik test sonuçları iş-gücü verimliliği ve DYY arasındaki ilişkinin çift yönlü olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bulgular, DYY ile iş gücü verimliliği arasında geri beslemeli bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LABOR PRODUCTIVITY AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS FOR TURKISH ECONOMY
Labor productivity is one of the important tools to measure the effect of inputs used in production on output. Sustaining the increase in productivity provides to countries the advantage of being able to produce more goods, shorten the production time and produce cheaper goods and services. In this respect, policies to increase labor productivity become important for countries' economies. It is known that foreign direct investment affects labor productivity due to the technology elements they have transferred to the host country. In this context, the purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of foreign direct investment which has been increasing recently on labor productivity for Turkish economy.In this context, the impact of FDI on labor productivity is analyzed empirically over the period 1971-2015 for Turkey. After implying unit root tests, Johansen (1988; 1991) method is utilized to test the cointegration relationship in the study. In addition, Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) method is employed to determine long-term coefficients. Cointegration test results indicate that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between labor productivity, FDI, openness, globalization and capital formation. Long-term coefficient estimation results show that FDI has a positive and statistically significant effect on labor productivity. Moreover, causality results reveal that the relationship between labor productivity and FDI is bi-directional. These findings indicate that there is a feedback relationship between labor productivity and FDI.
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