Hanedanlıktan cumhuriyete halk kütüphanelerinden sağlanan sosyal faydanın demografik analizi: 1897 ve 2000 mukayesesi

Bu çalışma, halk kütüphanelerindeki kitap arzının bölgelerarası dağıtımında ele edilen sosyal faydanın Osmanlı ve modern Türkiye arasındaki uzun dönemli değişimi konu almıştır. Uygulamada kullanılan veriler Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun ilk istatistik yıllığı ve Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu’nun web sitesinden alınmış olup uygulama yöntemi Atkinson eşitsizlik endeksine dayanmaktadır. Uygulama sonuçları, iki dönem arasında kitap arzının bölgelerarası dağıtımından sağlanan sosyal faydanın keskin şekilde iyileştiğini göstermektedir. Buna ek olarak, bulgular günümüzün aksine Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun kütüphanecikle ilgili merkezi bir kamu politikasının bulunmadığını işaret etmektedir.

From dynastic to republic periods in Turkey, the demographic analysis of social utility from public libraries: A comparison between 1897 and 2000

This paper looks at long-term change of inter-regional human utility from books in public libraries between Ottoman and Modern Turkey. Using data from the first statistical yearbook of the Ottoman Empire for dynastic period and TUIK web side for republic period and applying method is based on Atkinson inequality index. It is shown that the inter-regional social utility from books in public libraries has improved sharply between two periods. In addition, the findings indicate that there was not a central public policy of Ottoman Empire for librarianship different from today.

PDF

___

ALCANTARA, V. ve J. A. DURO (2004). Inequality of energy intensities across OECD countries: a note. Energy Policy, 32, 1257–1260.
ATKINSON, A. B. (1970). On the Measurement of Inequality. Journal of Economic Theory, 2, 244-263.
BENITO, J. M. ve R. EZCURRA (2005) Spatial Disparities in Productivity and Industry Mix: The Case of the European Regions. European Urban and Regional Studies, 12, 177-194.
BULUTAY, T. (1972). İktisadi Büyüme Modelleri Üzerine Açıklamalar ve Eleştirmeler, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi yayınları.
CARLINO, G. ve S. CHATTERJEE (2002). Employment Deconcentration: A New Perspective of America‟s Postwar Urban Evolution. Journal of Regional Science, 42 (2): 455-475.
CHAKRAVARTY, S. (1996). A Measurement of Spatial Disparity: The Case of Income Inequality. Urban Studies, 33 (9), 1671–1686.
CHAKRAVARTY, S.R. ve J. SILBER (2007). A generalized index of employment segregation. Mathematical Social Sciences, 53, 185–195
DAWKINS, C. (2006). The Spatial Pattern of Black–White Segregation in US Metropolitan Areas: An Exploratory Analysis. Urban Studies 43 (11), 1943–1969.
DURO, J. A. ve J. ESTEBAN (1998). Factor decomposition of cross-country income inequality, 1960–1990. Economics Letters, 60, 269–275.
ELVEREN, A. Y. ve J. K. GALBRAITH (2008). Pay Inequality in Turkey in the Neo-Liberal Era: 1980-2001. University of Texas Inequality Project Working Paper No. 49, April 21, 2008, Erişim: http://utip.gov.utexas.edu/papers/utip_49.pdf
EZCURRA, R.; P. PASCUAL ve M. RAPUN (2007). Spatial Inequality in Productivity in the European Union: Sectoral and Regional Factors. International Regional Science Review, 30 (4), 384–407.
EZCURRA, R. ve P. PASCUAL (2007). Regional Polarisation and National Development in the European Union. Urban Studies, 44 (1), 99–122.
EZCURRA, R. ve M. RAPUN (2006). Regional Disparities and National Development Revisited: The Case of Western Europe. European Urban and Regional Studies, 13 (4), 355–369.
EZCURRA, R.; C. GIL; P. PASCUAL ve M. RAPUN (2005). Inequality, Polarisation and Regional Mobility in the European Union. Urban Studies, 42 (7), 1057-1076.
FEDOROV, L. (2002). Regional Inequality and Regional Polarization in Russia, 1990–99. World Development, 30 (3), 443–456.
GARCÍA, I. ve J. A. MOLINA (2001). The Effects of Region on the Welfare and Monetary Income of Spanish Families. Urban Studies, 38 (13), 2415-2424.
GEZİCİ, F. (2004). New Regional Definition and Spatial Analysis of Regional Inequalities in Turkey Related to the Regional Policies of EU. Porto, Portugal: 44th Congress of ERSA 25–29 August 2004, Erişim: http://www.ersa.org/ersaconfs/ersa04/PDF/57.pdf
GEZİCİ, F. (2007). Türkiye‟nin Bölgelerarası Gelişmişlik Farkları ve Bölgesel Politikalarının Yeni Yaklaşımlar Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi. Bölge Biliminde Yeni Yaklaşımlar – Bildiriler Kitabı, İstanbul: 12. Ulusal Bölge Bilimi / Bölge Planlama Kongresi, Bölge Bilim Türk Milli Komitesi, İTÜ, DPT.
GÜRAN, T. (1997). Osmanlı Devletinin İlk İstatistik Yıllığı 1897, Ankara: DİE.
GÜVEN, A. (2007). The Role of Incentive Policy on Income Inequality between Turkish Provinces: A Decomposition Analysis. Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 14, 20-38.
HARVEY, J. (2005). A note on the „natural rate of subjective inequality‟hypothesis and the approximate relationship between the Gini coefficient and the Atkinson index. Journal of Public Economics, 89, 1021–1025.
HE, J. ve J. POOLER (2002). The Regional Concentration of China‟s Interprovincial Migration Flows, 1982–90. Population and Environment, 24 (2), 149–182.
HEINDENREICH, M. (2003). Regional Inequalities in the Enlarged Europe. Journal of European Social Policy, 13, 313-333.
JAMMALAMADAKA, S. R. ve M. N. GORIA (2004). A test of goodness-of- t based on Gini‟s index of spacings. Statistics & Probability Letters, 68, 177–187.
JONES, M. P. ve S. MAINWARING (2003). The Nationalization of Parties and Party Systems An Empirical Measure and an Application to the Americas. Party Politics, 9 (2), 139–166.
JUSOFF, H. K.; P. GREGOR ve B. BABA (2008). Today‟s Relevancy of the Migration Determinants Theory. Asian Social Sciences, 4 (9), 84–95.
LU, D. (2008). China‟s Regional Income Disparity-An Alternative Way to think of the Sources and Causes. Economics of Transition, 16 (1), 31–58.
MARKS, G. N.; B. HEADEY ve M. WOODEN (2005). Household Wealth in Australia: Its Components, Distribution and Correlates. Journal of Sociology, 41 (1), 47–68.
MASSEY, D. S. ve M. AYSA (2005). Social Capital and International Migration From Latin America. Expert Group Meeting on International Migration and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean, Mexico City: Population Division Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations Secretariat, 30 November – 2 December 2005.
MILLIMET, D. M. ve D. SLOTTJE (2002). Environmental Compliance Costs and the Distribution of Emissions in the U.S. Journal of Regional Science, 42 (1), 87 – 105.
MORAN, T. P. (2003). On the Theoretical and Methodological Context of Cross-National Inequality Data. International Sociology, 18 (2), 351-378.
OBERWİTTLER, D. (2004). Disorganization Juvenile Offending: The Role of Subcultural Values and Social A Multilevel Analysis of Neighbourhood Contextual Effects on Serious. European Journal of Criminology, 1 (2), 201–235.
ÖZMUCUR, S. ve J. SİLBER (2002). Spatial Income Inequality in Turkey and the Impact of Internal Migration. Erişim: http://62.237.131.23/conference/conference-2002-2/papers/s%FCleyman%20%F6zmucur%20and%20jacques%20silber.pdf
ÖZMUCUR, S. ve J. SİLBER (2005). Internal Migration, Household Size and Income Inequality in Turkey. Erişim: http://www.unisi.it/eventi/GiniLorenz05/25%20may%20paper/PAPER_Ozmucur_Silber.pdf
ÖZTÜRK, L. (2005). Bölgelerarası Gelir Eşitsizliği: İstatistikî Bölge Birimleri Sınıflandırması‟na (İBBS) Göre Eşitsizlik İndeksleri İle Bir Analiz, 1965–2001. Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 10, 95–110.
PEDERSEN, A. W. (2004). Measurement Inequality as Relative Deprivation: A Sociological Approach to Inequality. Acta Sociologica, 47, 31-49.
POULIN, R. ve A. D. M. LATHAM (2002). Inequalities in size and intensitydependent growth in a mermithid nematode parasitic in beach hoppers. Journal of Helminthology, 76, 65–70.
RAVALLION, M. (2001). Growth, Inequality and Poverty: Looking Beyond the Averages, Washington, D.C.: World Bank Policy Research Working Paper. 2558.
REGIDOR, E.; M. E. CALLE; P. NAVARRO ve V. DOMINGUEZ (2003). Trends in the Association between Average Income, Poverty and Income Inequality and Life Expectancy in Spain. Social Science & Medicine, 56, 961–971.
SADRAS, V. ve R. BONGIOVANNI (2004). Use of Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients to assess yield inequality within paddocks. Field Crops Research, 90, 303–310.
SALAS, R. (1997). Welfare-consistent inequality indices in changing populations: The marginal population replication axiom A note. Journal of Public Economics, 67, 145–150.
SCHMIDT, M. B. ve D. J. BERRI (2001). Competitive Balance and Attendance: The Case of Major League Baseball. Journal of Sports Economics, 2 (2), 145–167.
SEN, A. K. (1973). On Economic Inequality, Oxford, etc.: Oxford University Press.
SEN, A. K. (1979). Collective Choice and Social Welfare, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: Elsevier Science Publishers.
SEN, A. K. (1985b). Commodities and Capabilities, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: Elsevier Science Publishers.
SEN, A. K. (1985a), “Reply”, The Standart of Living, ed. Amartya Sen, Cambridge University Press, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: 103 – 112.
SEN, A. K. (1983), “Development: Which Way Now”, The Economic Journal, 93 (372), 745–762.
SIEW, A.; K. LIM ve K. K. TANG (2008). Human Capital Inequality and the Kuznets Curve. The Developing Economies, XLVI-1, 26–51
SPATZ, J. (2006). Poverty and Inequality in the Era of Structural Reforms: The Case of Bolivia, Berlin: Springer Verlag.
SWEENEY, S. H. ve H. GOLDSTEIN (2005). Accounting for migration in regional occupational employment projections. The Annals of Regional Science, 39, 297–316.
UTT, J. ve R. FORT (2002). Pitfalls to Measuring Competitive Balance With Gini Coefficients. Journal of Sports Economics, 3 (4), 367–373.