HACER GÖKNUR ŞİŞMAN AYDIN, Baha BÜYÜKIŞIK, RAHİME ORAL

Bioaccumulation of cadmium in marine diatom: Thalassiosira allenii Takano

Bu çalışmada, denizel diatom Thalassiosira allenii Takano türünün kadmiyum biyoakümülasyon kabiliyeti, büyüme kin etiği ve ICP-OES ile Cd ölçümleri kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. T. allenii hücreleri 4 gün için farklı kadmiyum konsantrasyonlarına (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 ve 100 mg . Cd L-1) maruz bırakılmıştır. T. allenii hücrelerinin, kadmiyumu hem hücre içinde ve hem de hem de hücre yüzeyinde biyoakümülasyon yeteneğine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Hücre büyümesi >25mg L-1Cd konsantrasyonlarında inhibe olurken, T. allenii türünün kadmiyum alımı, ≤25mg L-1 Cd konsantrasyonları için çoğu gün boyunca doğrusal bir trend izlemiştir. T. allenii, ortamdaki ≤10 mgL-1 Cd konsantrasyonlarda, kadmiyumun çoğunu hücre içine alarak uzaklaştırmıştır. Hücrelerde ilk günde hücre yüzeyine adsorpsiyon dominant iken, 2. günden itibaren hücre içine alınan Cd miktarı dominant olmuştur. Artan Cd konsantrasyonuyla birlikte büyüme hızı azalmış ve 0,1 -0,2 gün -1 civarında sabit kalmıştır. 5 mg L-1 Cd konsantrasyonuna kadar ise, büyüme hızları kontrolden farklı değildir ve 0,3 -0,4 gün -1 civarında seyretmiştir. Bu sınır değer, T. allenii türü bioremedasyon sistemlerinde kullanıldığında türün gelişimini etkilemeyecektir.

Denizel diyatomda kadmiyum biyoakümülasyonu: Thalassiosira allenii Takano

The present study achieved cadmium bioaccumulation ability using growth kinetics and ICP -OES for Cd measurements in marine diatom Thalassiosira allenii Takano. T. allenii cells were exposed to different cadmium concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg . Cd L-1) for 4 days . T. allenii cells were seen to have bioaccumulation ability both in cells and cellular surfaces. The cadmium uptake of T. allenii species followed a linear trend for mo st of days for ≤ 25 mg L-1Cd concentrations while the cell growth was inhibited at concentrations of >25 mg L-1Cd. T. allenii removed much of cadmium by taking it into the cells in ≤10 mg . L-1 Cd concentrations in the medium. While the adsorption on the ce ll surfaces is dominant in cells on the first day, the amount of Cd allowed in the cell has become dominant beginning with the second day. The growth rate decreased with increasing Cd concentration and remained stable at about 0 .1 -0 .2 day -1. However up to the 5 mg . L-1 Cd concentration, the growth rates are not different from the control and continued for about 0 .3 -0 .4 day -1. When T. allenii species is used in the bioremediation systems, this limit value does not affect growth of the species .

PDF

___

Al-Farawati, R. and Van Den Berg., C.G. 2001. Thiols in coastal waters of the western North Sea and English Channel. Environ. Sci. Tech., 35: 1902 191. doi: 10.1021/es000073i
Allen, H.E., Hall, R.H. and Brisbin, T.D. 1980. Metal s peciation. effects on aquatic toxicity. Environ. Sci. Tech. 14(4): 441 -443. doi: 10.1021/es60164a002
Brand, L. E. and R. R. L. Guillard. 1981. The effects of continuous light and light intensity on the reproduction rate of twenty-two species of marine phytoplankton. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 50: 119 -132. doi:10.1016/0022 -0981(81)90045 -9
Fehrmann, C. and Pohl, P. 1993. Cadmium adsorption by the non -living biomass of microalgae grown in axenic mass culture. J. Appl. Phycol. , 5: 555 562. doi: 10.1007/BF02184634
Frausto da Silva, J.J.R. and Williams, R.J. P. 2001. The biological chemistry of the elements -the inorganic chemistry of life, 1. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 575 pp.
Garnham, G.W., Codd, G.A. and Gadd, G.M. 1992. Kinetics of uptake and intracellular location of cobalt, manganese and zinc in the estuarine green alga Chlorella salina. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 37: 270 -276. do i: 10.1007/BF00178183
Genter, R. B. 1996. Ecotoxicology of inorganic chemical stress to algae. In: R.J. Stevenson, M.L. Bothwell and R.L. Lowe (Editors), Algal Ecology. Academic press, N.York: 403 -468.
Guillard, R.R.L. 1 973. Chapter 19: Divition Rates. in: Handbook of Phycological Methods -Culture Methods and Growth Measurements. Cambridge University Press London, 289 -311.
Guillard, R.R.L. 1975. Culture of phytoplankton for feeding marine invertebrates. In: Culture of Marin e Invertebrate Animals. W.L. Smith and M.H. Chanley (Eds.), Plenum Press, New York: 26 60.
Jennings, J.R. and Rainbow, P.S. 1979. Accumulation of cadmium by Dunaliella tertiolecta Butcher. J. Plankton Res. 1: 67 -74. doi: 10.1093/plankt/1.1.67
Lane, T.W., S aito, M.A., George, G.N., Pickering, I.J., Prince, R.C., Morel, F.M.M. 2005. Biochemistry: a cadmium enzyme from a marine diatom. Nature, 435(7038), 42. doi: 10.1038/435042a
Lee, J.G., Ahner, B.A. and Morel, F.M. M. 1996. Export of cadmium and phytochelatin by the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii. Environ. Sci. Tech., 30: 1814 1821. doi:10.1021/es950331p
Li, W.K.W. 1980. Cellular accumulation and distribution of cadmium in Isochrysis galbana during growth inhibition and recovery. J. Plankton Res ., 2: 283 -294. doi: 10.1093/plankt/2.4.283
Matsunaga, T., Takeyama, H., Nakao, T. and Yamazawa, A. 1999. Screening of marine microalgae for bioremediation of cadmium-polluted seawater. J. Biotechnol. , 70: 33 -38. doi: 10.1016/S0168 - 1656(99)00055 -3
Orellana, M.V. and Verdugo, P. 2003. Ultraviolet radiation blocks the organic carbon exchange between the dissolved phase and the gel phase in the ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 48(4): 1618 1623. doi: 10.4319/lo.2003.48.4.1618
Perez-Rama M., Torres E., Suarez C., Herrero C. and Abalde J. 2010. Sorption isotherm studies of Cd(II) ions using living cells of the marine microalga Tetraselmis suecica (Kylin) Butch. Journal of Environmental Management, 91: 2045 -2050. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.05.014
Perez-Rama, M., Alonso, J.A., Lopez, C. H. and Torres, E. 2002. Cadmium removal by living cells of the marine microalg Tetraselmis suecica. Bioresource Technology 84: 265 270. doi: 10.1016/S0960 - 8524(02)00045 -7
Rauser, W.E. 1995. Phytochelatins and related peptides structure, biosynthesis, and function. Plant Physiol., 109: 1141 1149. doi: 10.1104/pp.109.4.1141
Satroutdinov, A.D., Dedyukhina, E.G., Chistyakova, T.I., Witschel, M., Minkevich, I.G., Eroshin, V. K., and Egli, T. 2000. Degradation of metal-EDTA complexes by resting cells of th e bacterial strain DSM 9103. Environ. Sci. Tech., 34: 1715 -1720. doi: 10.1021/es981081q
Strom, S. L., Benner, R., Ziegler, S., and Dagg, M. J. 1997. Planktonic grazers are a potentially important source of marine dissolved organic carbon. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42 (6): 1364 -1374. doi: 10.4319/lo.1997.42.6.1364
Şişman Aydın, G., Kocataş, A. and Büyükışık, B. 2009. Effects of light and temperature on the growth rate of potentially harmful marine diatome: Thalassiosira allenii Takano (Bacillariophyceae). African Jou rnal of Biotechnology, 8 (19): 4983 -4990. doi: 10.5897/AJB09.621
Şişman Aydın, G. 2012. Interval Nutrient Pulses Responses of Compatitive Culture Experiment: Chaetoceros Sp. Thallassiosira allenii (Takano), Gomphosphaeria sp.. Journal of Animal and Veterin ary Advances, 11: 799 - 802. doi: 10.3923/javaa.2012.799.802
Torres, E., Cid, A., Herrero, C. and Abalde, J. 1998. Removal of cadmium ions by the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin accumulation and long -term kinetics of uptake. Bioresour. Technol., 63: 213 -220. doi: 10.1016/S0960 -8524(97)00143 -0
Twiss, M.R. and Campbell, P.G.C. 1995. Regeneration of trace metals from picoplankton by nanoflagellate grazing, Limnol. Oceanogr., 40(8): 1418 1429. doi:10.4319/lo.1995.40.8.1418
Vandevivere, P., Saveyn, H., Verstraete, W., Feijtel, W., and Schowanek, D., 2001. Biodegradation of metal- [S,S] -EDDS complexes. Environ. Sci. Technol., 35 : 1765 -1770. doi: 10.1021/es0001153
Walker, C.H., Hopkin, S.P., Sibly, R.M. and Peakall, D.B. 2001. Principles of Ecotoxicology 1. Taylor and Francis, London, 309 pp.
Wang , M. and Wang ,W.X. 2008. Cadmium Toxicity in a Marine Diatom as Predicted by the Cellular Metal Sensitive Fraction. Environ. Sci. Technol. , 42 , 940 946. doi: 10.1021/es0719273
Wang, M-J. and Wang, W-X. 2009. Cad mium in three marine phytoplankton: Accumulation, subcellular fate and thiol induction. Aquatic Toxicology 95: 99 107. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.08.006
Wei, L. and Ahner, B. A. 2005. Sources and sinks of dissolved phytochelatin in natural seawater. Limnol. Oceanogr., 50(1): 13 22. doi: 10.4319/lo.2005.50.1.0013