Evaluation of the ecological and economical results of the introduced alien fish species in lake Eğirdir, Turkey

Eğirdir Gölü, Türkiyenin ikinci büyük tatlısu gölüdür. Gölün 1950li yıllara göre balık faunası Barbatula mediterraneus , Cobitis turcica , Capo eta pestai, Cyprinus carpio , Hemigrammocapoeta kemali, Pseudophoxinus egridiri, Pseudophoxinus handlirschi,Vimba vimba ve Aphanius anatoliae ile temsil edilmiştir. Sander luciopercanın (sudak) göle aşılanmasından sonra 1970li önemli miktarda av vermeye başlamıştır. Bununla birlikte, 1980li yıllarda göldeki yerli balık faunası sudak balığının predasyon etkisi ile ortamdan kaybolmaya başlamıştır. Sander luciopercanın kanibalizm etkisi %96lara kadar artmış, aşırı av baskısı ile birlikte avlanan sudakların boyları da küçülmüştür. Ayrıca, kerevit stoklarının fungal bir hasatlık nedeni ile çökmesi gölde balıkçılığın daha da kötü bir hal almasına yol açmıştır. Sonraki yıllarda, Gambusia affinis, Knipowitschia caucasica , Tinca tinca , Carassius gibelio , Alburnus chalcoides , Seminemacheilus ispartensis , Atherina boyeri ve Pseudorasbora parva göle aşılanmış, göldeki ise sudak kannibalizmi azalmıştır. Göldeki yıllık av miktarı son beş yılda, 1970 lerdeki 2000 ton/yıldan 38 -450 ton/yıla kadar azalmıştır. Gölde bu araştırma ile halıhazırda 7 tür yerli, 6 tür yabancı tür olmak üzere 13 balık türünün varlığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; Eğirdir Gölüne yabancı türle rin aşılanması, gölün yerli balık faunasının değişmesine yol açmış, göl ekosisteminin besin zinciri yapısı bozulmasının yanısıra endemik türler de zarar görmüş, bölgedeki sosyo -ekonomik yapı da etkilenmiştir.

Eğirdir Gölüne aşılanan yabancı türlerin ekolojik ve ekonomik etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi

Lake Eğirdir is the second largest lake in Turkey and its fish fauna in 1950 s was consisted of Barbatula mediterraneus , Cobitis turcica , Capoeta pestai, Cyprinus carpio, Hemigrammocapoeta kemali, Pseudophoxinus egridiri, Pseudophoxinus handlirschi,Vimba vimba and Aphanius anatoliae . Sander lucioperca were introduced to the lake and a considerable amount of pikeperch fishery become possible during the 1970s. However, during the 1980 s, most of the native fish species in the lake disappeared due to predatory effects of the pikeperch. Cannibalism rate of pikeperch increased (96%) and their size in the c atch decreased because of unsufficient prey fish and overfishing. Moreover, with the collapse of crayfish stock because of a fungal infection, the lake fishery became deteriorated. In the followed years, Gambusia affinis , Knipowitschia caucasica , Tinca tinca , Carassius gibelio , Alburnus chalcoides , Seminemacheilus ispartensis , Atherina boyeri and Pseudorasbora parva were introduced to the lake and cannibalism rate in pikeperch population decreased to 96%. Annual catch in the lake decreased to 38 -450 tons in the last five years from 2000 tons in the years of 1970s. At the time of this research 13 fish species was present in the lake and 7 of these were native while 6 were alien species. Consequently, the alien fish species introduced to Lake Eğirdir have cau sed a change in the lake s native fish fauna, destroyed its endemic species as well as giving damage to both the food -chain structure of the lake s ecosystem and the socioeconomic structure of the region.

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Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences-Cover
  • ISSN: 1303-2712
  • Başlangıç: 2015
  • Yayıncı: Su Ürünleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü - Trabzon
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