Veysi OKUMUŞ, Vedat PİRİNÇ, Ahmet ONAY, Davut BAŞARAN

In vitro propagation of Diyarbakır watermelons and comparison of direct-seeded and transplanted watermelon

A rapid protocol using shoot tip explants for micropropagation of Diyarbakır watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] types Sürme, Beyazkış and Karakış was achieved. Shoot tips from 5-day-old in vitro germinated seedlings were cultured on shoot regeneration medium for 3 weeks. The effects of the different concentrations of benzyl adenine (BA) and carbohydrate types on shoot proliferation were examined. The results confirmed that a range of 0.5-1.0 mg/L of BA was almost equally effective in promoting the shoot length of cultures in the 3 genotypes. Sucrose, in the presence of BA, was superior to other carbohydrates for the 3 genotypes studied in terms of the number of proliferated shoots and the average shoot length obtained. The highest percentage of rooting was achieved when medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was used for the 3 genotypes. The highest frequency of acclimatized plantlets for the 3 genotypes was 85%, 85%, and 90%, respectively, in sterile compost, when the shoots of Beyazkış, Karakış, and Sürme were rooted in the IBA-supplemented rooting treatments. The Sürme genotype produced a significantly higher yield and mean fruit weight than the Beyazkış and Karakış genotypes in both direct-seeded and transplanted watermelons. The main soluble sugar of the experimental types was separated, identified, and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Fructose was found to be the most abundant sugar and was highly detected in Beyazkış for the seeded watermelon and in Karakış for the transplanted watermelon. This demonstrates that in vitro propagation can be used to produce high quality diploid Diyarbakır watermelon for use in breeding lines.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Key words: Watermelon, regeneration, tissue culture, yield, fruit

In vitro propagation of Diyarbakır watermelons and comparison of direct-seeded and transplanted watermelon

Keywords:

Key words: Watermelon, regeneration, tissue culture, yield, fruit,

PDF

___

Bates MD, Robinson RW. Cucumbers, melons, and watermelons. In: Smartt J. and Simmonds N.W., eds. Evolution of Crop Plants. 2nd ed. Longman Scientifi c & Technical; 1995: pp. 89-97. 2. FAO Agricultural Production Statistics Database (FAOSTAT). 2008. 3. Sari N, Solmaz I, Yetisir H et al. Watermelon genetic resources in Turkey and their characteristics. Acta Hortic 731: 33-438, 2007.
Compton ME, Gray DJ. Shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledons of diploid, triploid and tetraploid watermelon. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 118: 151-157, 1993. 5. Sultana RS, Bari MA. Eff ect of diff erent plant growth regulators on direct regeneration of watermelon (Citrulus lanatus Th umb.). Plant Tissue Cult 13: 173-177, 2003.
Krug MGZ, Stipp LCL, Rodriguez APM et al. In vitro organogenesis in watermelon cotyledons. Pesqui Agropecu Bras 40: 861-865, 2005.
Shalaby TA, Orman SA, Baioumi YA. In vitro propagation of two triploid hybrids of watermelon through adventitious shoot organogenesis and shoot tip culture. Acta Biol Szeged 52: 27- 31, 2008. 8. Suratman F, Huyop F, Paveez GKA. In vitro shoot regeneration of Citrullus vulgaris Schrad (watermelon). Biotechnology 8: 393-404, 2009. 9. Barnes LR. In vitro propagation of watermelon. Sci Hortic 11: 22-227, 1979.
Blackmon W, Reynolds B. In vitro shoot regeneration of Hibiscus acetosella, muskmelon, watermelon and winged bean. HortScience 17: 588-589, 1982.
Wilkins M. Micropropagation of Two Triploid Hybrids of Citrullus lanatus (Th unb.) Matsum. and Nakai, MS Th esis, Clemson University, 1985.
Anghel I, Rosu A. In vitro morphogenesis in diploid, triploid and tetraploid genotypes of watermelon - Citrullus lanatus (Th unb.). Mansf Rev Roum Biol Vega 30: 43-55, 1985.
Compton ME, Gray DJ. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from immature cotyledons of tetraploid watermelon. Plant Cell Rep 12: 61-65, 1993.
Adelberg JW, Rhodes BB. Micropropagation from zygotic tissues of watermelon. In: Proc Cucurbitaceae 89: Evaluation and Enhancement of Cucurbit Germplasm. Th omas CE, ed. USDA/ARS; 1989.
Zhang XP, Rhodes BB, Adelberg JW. Shoot regeneration from immature cotyledons of watermelon. Cucurbit Genet Cooperative Rep 17: 102-105, 1994.
Compton CM, Gary DJ. Adventitious shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledons of tetraploid watermelon. HortScience 29: 211-213, 1994.
Pirinç V, Onay A, Yıldırım H et al. Adventitious shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledons of diploid Diyarbakır watermelon (Citrullus lanatus cv. ‘Sürme’). Turk J Biol 27: 101-107, 2003.
Srivastava DR, Andrianov VM, Piruzian ES. Tissue culture and plant regeneration of watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. cv. Melitopolski). Plant Cell Rep 8: 300-302, 1989.
Horsch RB, Fry JE, Hoff mann NL et al. A simple and general method for transferring genes into plants. Science 227: 1231- 1239, 1995.
McCormick S, Niedermeyer J, Fry J et al. Leaf disc transformation of cultivated tomato (L. esculentum) using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Plant Cell Rep 5: 81-84, 1986.
Choi PS, Soh WY, Kim YS et al. Genetic transformation and plant regeneration of watermelon using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Plant Cell Rep 13: 344-348, 1994.
Ellul P, Rios G, Atares A et al. Th e expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HAL1 gene increases salt tolerance in transgenic watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Th unb.) Matsun. & Nakai.]. Th eor Appl Genet107: 462-469, 2003.
Pirinç V, Onay A. Diyarbakır karpuzunun (Sürme) in vitro rejenerasyonunda eksplantın sürgün proliferasyonuna etkisi. HR Ü Z F Dergisi 12: 57-61, 2008.
Provvidenti R. Inheritance of resistance to the Florida strain of zucchini yellow mosaic virus in watermelon. HortScience 26: 407-408, 1991.
Boyhan G, Norton JD, Jacobsen BJ et al. Evaluation of watermelon and related germplasm for resistance to zucchini yellow mosaic virus. Plant Dis 76: 251-252, 1992.
Lecoq H, Justafre I, Wipf-Scheibel C et al. Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus newly reported on zucchini squash in France. Plant Pathol 57: 766-766, 2008.
Gillaspie AG, Wright JM. Evaluation of Citrullus sp. germplasm for resistance to watermelon mosaic virus-2. Plant Dis 77: 352- 354, 1993.
Provvidenti R, Gonsalves D. Resistance to papaya ringspot virus in Cucumis metuliferus and its relationship to watermelon mosaic virus 1. J Heredity 73: 239-240, 1982
Murashige T, Skoog F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15: 473- 497, 1962.
Lee SJ, Shin JS, Park KW et al. Detection of genetic diversity using RAPD-PCR and sugar analysis in watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Th unb.) Mansf.]. Germplasm Th eor Appl Genet 92: 719 725, 1996.
Erdağ BB, Emek YC. Adventitious shoot regeneration and in vitro fl owering of Anthemis xylopoda O.Schwarz, a critically endangered Turkish endemic. Turk J Biol 33: 319-326, 2009.
Dong JZ, Jia SR. High effi ciency plant regeneration from cotyledons of watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad.). Plant Cell Rep 9: 559-562, 1991.
Read PE, Young Q. Novel plant growth regulator delivery system for in vitro culture of horticultural plants. Acta Hort 212: 55-58, 1987.
Quek SY, Chok NK, Swedlund P. Th e physiochemical properties of spray-dried watermelon powders. Chem Eng Process 46: 386-392, 2007.
Compton ME. Dark pretreatment improves adventitious shoot organogenesis from cotyledons of diploid watermelon. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 58: 185-188, 1999.