ARNAVUTLUK’UN AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÜYELİK SÜRECİNDEKİ SİYASİ ZORLUKLARI: HUKUKUN ÜSTÜNLÜĞÜ VE YOLSUZLUK ÖRNEKLERİ

Arnavutluk-Avrupa Birliği ilişkileri, 1991 yılında komünist rejimin yıkılmasıile başlamıştır. Ancak uzun yıllar dışa kapalı ve izolasyonist bir yaklaşımla yönetilmişolan ülke, anayasal düzenin ve demokratik değerlerin benimsenememesi ve sahipolduğu ekonomik otarşi bakiyesi sebebiyle Avrupa Birliği’ne katılım sürecindeönemli sınamalarla karşı karşıya kalmıştır.Bu makale 1990’lı yıllardan bugüne Arnavutluk-Avrupa Birliği ilişkilerinive bir aday ülke olarak Arnavutluk’un Birliğe katılım sürecinde karşılaştığıtemel sınamaları hukukun üstünlüğü ve yolsuzlukla mücadele çerçevesindedeğerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Hukukun üstünlüğü ve yolsuzlukla mücadele,Arnavutluk’un katılım sürecinde Avrupa Birliği’nin en fazla vurguladığı koşullarınbaşında gelmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışma, katılım müzakerelerine giden yoldaAvrupa Birliği koşulluluğu çerçevesinde Arnavutluk’un karşı karşıya kaldığıhukukun üstünlüğü ve yolsuzlukla mücadelede sınamalarını İlerleme Raporları,Genişleme Strateji Belgeleri, Parlamento kararları ve diğer akademik yayınlarıkullanarak değerlendirmektedir.Çalışmada, Avrupa Birliği süreci vesilesiyle hukukun üstünlüğünün tesisedilmesi ve yolsuzlukla mücadelede Arnavutluk’ta ilerlemelerin kaydedildiğigörülmüştür. Ancak Avrupa Birliği reform dinamiklerinin, ülkedeki komünizmarka planından gelen hafıza, güçlenmiş rüşvet ağı ve alışkanlığı ve kurumsalkapasitedeki yetersizlikten ötürü Arnavutluk’ta Avrupa Birliği standartlarınıkarşılayacak düzeyde dönüşüm sağlayamadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu bağlamdahukukun üstünlüğü ve yolsuzlukla mücadelede Avrupa Birliği entegrasyonsürecinin zayıf seyrettiği düşünülmektedir.

POLITICAL CHALLENGES OF ALBANIA IN THE EUROPEAN UNION ACCESSION PROCESS: CASES OF RULE OF LAW AND CORRUPTION

Albania-the European Union relations started in 1991 with the fall of the communist regime. However, Albania, which was governed with a closed and isolationist approach for many years, faced significant challenges in the accession process to the European Union due to the lack of adoption of the constitutional order and democratic values, and the economic autarchy remnant it has. This article aims to assess the Albania-European Union relations since the 1990s and the fundamental challenges Albania faces as a candidate country in the accession process, within the framework of the rule of law and the fight against corruption. The rule of law and the fight against corruption are among the most stressed conditions in Albania’s accession process. In this context, the study assesses the rule of the law and fight against corruption challenges Albania faces on the way to the accession negotiations within the framework of the European Union conditionality via Progress Reports, Enlargement Documents, Parliament resolutions and other academic publishing. In the study, it has been observed that progress has been achieved in Albania in the establishment of the rule of law and the fight against corruption through the EU process. However, it was concluded that the European Union reform dynamics could not provide transformation in Albania at a level to meet the European Union standards due to the public memory originating from communist background, strengthened network and habits of bribery and lack of institutional capacity in the country. In this context, the European Union integration process in the rule of law and fight against corruption in the country is considered to be weak.

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