Night-shift, risk of chronic disesases and melatonin rhythm

Günümüz insanının hayat tarzı ve beslenmesindeki değişiklikler ve endüstrileşme çeşitli hastalıkların yoğun bir şekilde artışına neen olmuştur. Gece vardiyası dünya genelinde 100 milyondan fazla insanı etkileyen ilave bir sağlık riski olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmalar, uyku bozuklukları, halsizlik, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ve belirli kanser türlerinin gece vardiyası çalışanlarında gündüz çalışanlarına göre daha sık görüldüğünü ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu hastalıkların insidansları normalde yaşla beraber artığı için, gece vardiyası hızlandırılmış insan yaşlanması modeli olarak kabul edilebilir. Gece vardiyası ile ilişkili hastalıkların patofizyolojik mekanizmalarından birisi bozulmuş nörolojik ve hormonal düzenlemelerdir, bunlardan en önemlisi de otonomik sinir sisteminin ve pineal bezden melatonin salınımının bozulmasıdır. Bu derleme, pratisyen hekimlerin ve meslek hastalıkları ile ilişkili hekimlerin karşılaşabileceği medikal problemleri genel olarak özetlemekte ve gece vardiyasında artmış sağlık risklerinde yer alan ana mekanizmaları açıklamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Melatonin, Kronik hastalık, Biyolojik saatler, Uyku bozuklukları, günlük ritim, İş programına dayanma, Yorgunluk

Gece vardiyası, kronik hastalıklar ve melatonin ritmi

Industrial Revolution and subsequent changes in lifestyle and diet of contemporary human caused an immense increase for several diseases. Night shift has emerged as an additional health risk affecting over than 100 million induvidials around the planet. Studies revealed that incidence of several health problems such as sleep disturbance, fatigue, cardiovascular disease and certain cancer are higher among night shift workers than that of day workers. Incidence of these diseases may physiologically increase as age, therefore night shift may be accepted as a model of accelerated human aging. One of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in night shift related diseases is disrupted neurological and hormonal regulations most importantly circadian rhythms of autonomic nervous system and secretion of melatonin from pineal gland. This paper will give a brief outline of the medical problems that general practitioners and occupational physicians can face and common pathways involved increased health risks in night shift.

Keywords:

Melatonin, Chronic Disease, Biological Clocks, Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm, Work Schedule Tolerance, Fatigue,

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