Aysun AKTÜRK ŞİKAR, Özlem ÖZKAN, Mine GÖKDEMİR, Selin TECİMER, Nilgün BİLEN

Kocaeli’de ilkokul çocuklarında ve ailelerinde baş biti prevalansı ve tedavi başarısı ile ilişkili faktörler

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın sunulmasındaki amaç Kocaeli’nde sosyoekonomik düzeyi düşük olan bir bölgede bulunan bir ilkokulda Pedikülosis kapitis sıklığının ve tedavi başarısı ile ilişkili faktörlerin saptanmasıydı. Gereç ve yöntem: Kocaeli’nde bir ilköğretim okuluna devam eden toplam 414 öğrenci ve baş biti ve/veya sirke bulunan öğrencilerin 267 aile üyesi tarandı. Öğrenciler ve aile üyelerinde gözle ve dermoskopik inceleme ile baş biti ve/veya sirke olup olmadığına bakıldı. Aktif pedikülosis kapitisli çocukların ve aile üyelerinin dermografik özellikleri ile ilgili veriler toplandı ve Pedikülosis kapitis‘i ortadan kaldırmak için %1 permetrin içeren şampuan kullanıldı. İki hafta sonra, tedavi alan kişiler tekrar muayene edildi ve tedavi başarısı ile ilgili faktörler değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Baş bitinin prevalansı okul çocuklarında %14,3 ve ailelerinde % 13 idi. Prevalans ile anne-baba eğitim seviyesi, sosyal güvence varlığı ve cinsiyet arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulundu. Tedavi okul çocuklarının 38’inde (%66) ve aile üyelerinin 10’unda (%29) başarılı oldu. Cinsiyet, anne -baba eğitim seviyesi, sosyal güvence ve gelir durumu ile tedavi başarısı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadı. Şampuanı doğru kullanma, mekanik temizliği doğru yapma ile başarılı tedavi arasında korelasyon olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç: Baş biti hem okul çocuklarını hem de aile üyelerini ilgilendiren bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Pedikülosis kapitis ile infeste okul çocukları ve aileleri periyodik olarak taranmalıdır ve tekrar bulaşmayı engellemek için hemen ve aynı anda tedavi edilmelidir.

The prevalence of pediculosis capitis and factors related to the treatment success in primary school children and their family members in Kocaeli

Objective: The aim of the presented study was determine the prevalence of Pediculosis capitis and factors related to the treatment success in a public primary school situated in an area having a low socio-economic status in the city of Kocaeli. Materials and Methods: A total of 414 students attending at the first grade of a public primary school in Kocaeli and 267 family members of the students with head lice and/or nits were screened. Students and their family members were examined by visual inspection and dermoscopic examination whether they had head lice and/or nits. The data were collected about some socio demographic characteristics of children’ and those of their family members with active Pediculosis capitis and shampoos with 1% permethrin was used to get rid of Pediculosis capitis. After two weeks, people who had received treatment were re-examined and factors related to the successful treatment were evaluated. Results: The prevalence of pediculosis capitis was 14.3% in school children and 13% in their family members. The prevalence was statistically significant with education levels of the mothers and fathers, social security of family and by gender. The treatment was successful in 38 of school children (66%), and in 10 of their family members (29%) with pediculosis capitis. The success of the treatment was no statistically significant in gender, education level of the mothers and fathers, having social security and income. It was noticed that successful treatment was correlated with proper use of the shampoo and proper mechanical cleaning. Conclusions: Head lice is a public health problem that concerns both the school children and their family members. School children who were infested with Pediculosis capitis and their families should be periodically screened and should be immediately and simultaneously treated to preventing reinfestation.

PDF

___

1. Karatas E, Sarı C, Ertabaklar H, Okyay P, Ertuğ S. The prevalence of pediculus capitis in students of three primary schools in Aydın. Acta Parasitol Turcica. 2004; 28(1): 38-41.
2. Chouela E, Abeldano A, Cirigliano M, et al. Head louse infestations: epidemiologic survey and treatment evaluation in Argentinian school children. Int J Dermatol. 1997; 36(11): 819-825.
3. Speare R, Buettner PG. Head lice in pupils of a primary school in Australia and implications for control. Int J Dermatol. 1999; 38(4): 285-290.
4. Inanir I, Sahin MT, Gündüz K, Dinç G, Türel A, Öztürkcan S. Prevalence of skin conditions in primary school children in Turkey: differences based on socioeconomic factors. Pediatric Dermatol. 2002; 19(4): 307-311.
5. Cetinkaya Z, Altındis M, Kulac M, Karaca Ş, Piyade M. Prevalence of pediculus capitis in primary schools in Afyon and treatment with permethrin. Acta Parasitol Turcica. 2004; 28(4): 205-209.
6. Heukelbach J, Wilche T, Winter B, Feldmeier H. Epidemiology and morbidity of scabies and pediculosis capitis in recource-poor communities in Brazil. Br J Dermatol. 2005; 153(1): 150-156.
7. Falagas ME, Matthaiou DK, Rafailidis PI, Panos G, Pappas G. Worldwide prevalance of head lice. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008; 14(9): 1493-1494.
8. Çiftci IH, Karaca S, Dogru O, Çetinkaya Z, Kulaç M. Prevalence of pediculosis and scabies in preschool nursery children of Afyon, Turkey. Korean J Parazitol. 2006; 44(1): 95-98.
9. Seraslan G, Çulha G, Savaş L, et al. Prevalence of pediculosis capitis in primary school children in Antakya. Turkiye Klinikleri Dermatol. 2004; 14(2): 80-84.
10. Nutanson I, Steen CJ, Schwartz RA, Janniger CK. Pediculus humanus capitis: an update. Acta Dermatovenerol APA. 2008; 17(4): 147-159.
11. Buczek A, Markowska-Gosik D, Widomska D, Kawa IM. Pediculosis capitis among school children in urban and rural areas of eastern Poland. Eur J Epidemiol. 2004; 19(5): 491-495.
12. Venna S, Fleischer AB, Feldman SR. Scabies and lice: Review of the clinical features and management principles. Dermatol Nurs. 2001; 13(4): 257-262.
13. Inceboz T, Alyanak S, Uner A. Distribution of pediculus humanus capitis in the schools of Bornova. Acta Parasitol Turcica. 2000; 24(4): 376-379.
14. Counahan M, Andrews R, Büttner P, Byrnes G, Speare R. Head lice prevalence in primary schools in Victoria, Australia. J Paediat Child Health. 2004; 40 (11): 616-619.
15. Willems S, Haedens N, Pasteels I, Naeseneer JM, Maeseneer J. The importance of socio-economic status and individual characteristics on the prevalence of head lice in schoolchildren. Eur J Dermatol. 2005; 15(5): 387-392.
16. Borges R, Mendes J. Epidemiological aspects of head lice in children attending day care centres, urban and rural schools in Uberlândia, Central Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2002; 97(2): 189-192.
17. Karaman G, Bozkurt E, Sendur E, Başak O, Okyay A. The prevalence of pediculosis capitis in school children in Aydın Province. Türkiye Klinikleri J Dermatol. 1999; 9(1): 18-21.
18. Özkan Ö, Hamzaoglu O, Yavuz M. The prevalence of head lice and management of pediculosis capitis in Turkey (1982-2009): A critical perspective in terms of public health. Fourth International Conference on Phthiraptera (ICP 4). Urgup, Cappadocia/Turkey. June 13-18, 2010. (Oral Presentation). T. Parazitol Derg. 2010; 34(2): 130.
19. Kurt Ö, Balcıoğlu IC, Burgess IF, et al. Treatment of head lice with Dimeticone 4% lotion: comparison of two formulations in a randomised controlled trial in rural Turkey. BMC Public Health. 2009: 9: 441
20. Sim S, Lee IY, Lee KJ, Seo JH, Im K, Shin MH, et al. A survey on head lice infestation in Korea (2001) and the therapeutic efficacy of oral trimetoprim/ sulfamethoxazole adding to lindane shampoo. Korean J Parasitol. 2003; 41(1): 57-61.
21. Billstein S, Laone P. Demographic study of head lice infestations in Sacramento county school children. Int J Dermatol. 1979; 18(4): 301-304.
22. Juranek DD. Pediculosis capitis in school children. Epidemiologic trends, risk factors and recommendations for control. Eds.: Orkin M, Maibach HI. In: Cutaneous infestations and insect bites. 1st edition. New York. Marcel Dekker. 1985, p. 199-211.
23. Frankowski BL, Weiner LB. Head lice. Pediatrics. 2002; 110(3): 638-642. 24. Mumcuoglu KY. Prevention and treatment of head lice in children. Pediatr Drugs. 1999; 1(3): 211-218.
25. Stibich AS, Carbonaro PA, Schwartz RA. Insect bite reactions: An update. Dermatology. 2001; 202(3): 193-197.
26. Speare R, Cahill C, Thomas G. Head lice on pillows, and strategies to make a small risk even less. Int J Dermatol. 2003; 42(8): 626-629.
27. Nahcivan N, Erdogan S, Calıskan M. The evaluation of school-health nursing practices in a primary school. Hemsirelik Forumu. 2000; 3(4): 10-16.
28. Inceboz T, Namsan-Uslu N, Orhan V. Investigation of the prevalence of pediculus capitis in schools in Karşıyaka. Dokuz Eylül Üniv. Tıp Fak Derg. 2029. Tanyuksel M, Araz RE, Albay A, Aycicek H. Prevalence and treatment of pediculus humanus capitis with 1% permethrin and 0.4% d-phenothrin in Turkey. Acta Medica. 2003; 46(2): 73-75.01; 15(2): 171-175.
29. Tanyuksel M, Araz RE, Albay A, Aycicek H. Prevalence and treatment of pediculus humanus capitis with 1% permethrin and 0.4% d-phenothrin in Turkey. Acta Medica. 2003; 46(2): 73-75.