Türkiye’de Denetimli Serbestlik Deneyimi: Kriminojenik İhtiyaçlar ve Denetimli Serbestlik Altındaki Bireylerin Beklentileri
Bu çalışma, Eylül 2014 ve Nisan 2017 tarihleri arasında Antalya, Türkiye'de denetimli serbestlik altında bulunan 2560 bireyle yürütülmüş olan bir araştırmanın bulgularına dayanmaktadır. Daha geniş bir araştırma verisinden hareketle bu çalışma, kriminojenik ihtiyaçlar, denetimli serbestlik altındaki bireylerin denetimli serbestlikten beklentileri ve aynı zamanda, kriminojenik ihtiyaçlarla ilintili olarak, denetimli serbestlik altındaki bireylerin kendilerini geliştirmek istedikleri alanlar üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte çalışma, tüm bu odak noktalarının bazı demografik değişkenlerle olan ilişkisini aydınlatmayı hedeflemektedir. Konu ile ilgili analizler ışığında çalışma hem Antalya, Türkiye'de denetimli serbestlik hizmeti ve ondan yararlanan bireylerin genel bir tasvirini sunmakta hem de Türkiye'de denetimli serbestliğin niteliğini yükseltmeye yardımcı olabilecek bazı politik öncelikler önermektedir.
THE EXPERIENCE OF PROBATION IN TURKEY: CRIMINOGENIC NEEDS AND EXPECTATIONS OF PROBATIONERS
This study presents the findings of the research conducted with 2560probationers in Turkey, Antalya between the date of September 2014 and April 2017.From the larger data of the research, this study aims to focus on the criminogenic needs,expectations from probation service of probationers as well as on the areas probationerswould like to improve themselves which is related to criminogenic needs. In addition,the study seeks to illuminate the relationship of these with some demographicalvariables. In the light of relevant analysis, the study both presents the general portrait ofprobation service and probationers in Turkey, Antalya; and suggests some politicalpriorities that may be helpful to improve the quality of probation in Turkey.
___
- Andrews, D. A.; Bonta, J. (2010). The Psychology of Criminal Conduct,
LexisNexis, Anderson Publishing, New Providence, NJ.
- Andrews, D. A.; Bonta, J.; Hoge, R. D. (1990) Classification for
Effective Rehabilitation: Rediscovering Psychology. Criminal Justice and
Behavior, 17(1): 19 - 52.
- Becker, G. S.; Mulligan, C. B. (1997) The Endogenous Determination of
Time Preference, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(3): 729 - 758
- Bengtsson, T. T. (2016) Performing Hypermasculinity: Experiences with
Confined Young Offenders. Men and Masculinities, 19(4): 410 - 428, DOI:
10.1177/1097184X15595083
- Bourgon, G.; Guiterrez, L. (2013). The Importance of Building Good
Relationships in Community Corrections: Evidence, Theory, and Practice of the
Therapeutic Alliance. In P. Ugwudike & P. Raynor (Eds.), What Works in
Offender Compliance: International Perspectives and Evidence - Based
Practice (pp. 256 - 279) London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Chernoff, N. W.; Simon, R. J., (2000). Women and Crime the World
Over. Gender Issues, 18(3): 5-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-000-
0015-0
- Decarpes, P.; Durnescu, I. (2014). Probation and Community Sanctions.
In G. Bruinsma; D. Weisburd (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Criminology and
Criminal Justice (pp. 3957 – 3963). New York: Springer Rereference.
- Demez, G.; Kart, E.; Ertan, C.; Timurturkan, M.; Cankurtaran, S.; Aktin,
S. (2016). Yeniden Sosyalleşme ve Toplumsal Bütünleşme Süreçleri: Denetimli
Serbestlik Altındaki Bireyler Örneği, Destekli Projeler Veri Tabanı, retrieved
from www.UVT.ulakbim.gov.tr/Tübitak
- Demez, G.; Kart, E.; Ertan, C.; Timurturkan, M.; Cankurtaran, S.; Aktin,
S. (2017). Denetimli Serbestlikte Yeniden Sosyalleşme Suç ve Dezavantajlılığın
Sosyolojisi, Bağlam Yayınları, İstanbul.
- Demirbaş, T. (2016). Denetimli Serbestlik Tedbiri Uygulanarak Hapis
Cezasının İnfazı (Cegtik M.105a). In D. Özyörük (Ed.), Türkiye’de Denetimli
Serbestlik 10. Yıl Uluslararası Sempozyumu Bildiri Kitabı (pp. 15 - 23),
Ankara: Adalet Bakanlığı Ceza Ve Tevkifevleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Atalay
Matbası. Retrieved from Http://Www.Cte-
Ds.Adalet.Gov.Tr/E_Bulten/Sempozyum_E_Kitap.Pdf
- Department of Probation (N.d.). Retrieved from http://www.cteds.
adalet.gov.tr
- Dood T.; Hunter P. (1992). The National Prison Survey 1991, London:
HMSO.
- Evren, C.; Umut, G.; Bozkurt, M.; Evren, B.; Yılmaz, H. (2017)
Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of Drug Use Disorders
Identification Test–Extended (Turkish DUDIT-E) in substance-dependent adults
under probation, Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 27(1): 70-75.
DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2017.1293240
- France, A.; Bottrell, D.; Armstrong, D. (2012). A Political Ecology of
Youth and Crime, Palgrave Macmillan, London.
- Gray P. (2005). The Politics of Risk and Young Offenders Experiences of
Social Exclusion and Restorative Justice. The British Journal of Criminology,
45(6): 938-957. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azi018
- Healy, D., O’Donnell, I. (2008). Calling time on crime: Motivation,
generativity and agency in Irish probationers. The Journal of Community and
Crime Justice, 55(1), 25 – 38. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0264550507085676
- Kirkwood, S., McNeill, F. (2015). Integration and reintegration:
comparing pathways to citizenship through asylum and criminal justice.
Criminology & Criminal Justice (CCJ), 15(5), 511– 526. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895815575618
- Krienert, J. L. (2003) Masculinity and Crime: A Quantitative Exploration
of Messerschmidt’s Hypothesis, Electronic Journal of Sociology. Retrieved
from http://www.sociology.org/content/vol7.2/01_krienert.html.
- Latessa, E. J., Lowenkamp, C. T. (2006). What works in reducing
recidivism. University of St. Thomas Law Journal, 3(3), 521 – 535.
- Lochner, L. (2004). Education, Work, and Crime: A Human Capital
Approach. International Economic Review, 45(3): 811–843. DOI:
10.1111/j.0020-6598.2004.00288.x
- Lochner, L. (2010). Education and Crime. In P. Peterson; E. Baker & B.
McGaw (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Education Volume 2 (pp. 239 -
245) Oxford: Elsevier.
- Lochner, L.; Moretti, E. (2004). The Effect Of Education On Crime:
Evidence From Prison Inmates, Arrests, And Self-Report. American Economic
Review 94(1): 155–189. DOI: 10.1257/000282804322970751
- Machin, S.; Marie, O; Vujic, S. (2010) The Crime Reducing Effect of
Education, CEP Discussion Paper No 979, London School of Economics and
Political Science, London.
- McNeill F.; Dawson M. (2014). Social Solidarity, Penal Evolution and
Probation. BJC The British Journal of Criminology, 54(5): 892-907.
- Özbek, M. S. (2010). Çağdaş ceza adaleti sistemlerinde alternatif çözüm
arayışları ve arabuluculuk uygulaması, Kazancı Hukuk Dergisi. 1: 116-183.
Retrieved from
http://angora.baskent.edu.tr/acik_arsiv/dosya_oku.php?psn=8767&yn=17&dn=
1
- Peace, R. (2001). Social exclusion: a concept in need of definition?.
Social Policy Journal of New -Zealand, 16, 17 – 36.
- Penal Institution Statistic. Turkey Statistical Institution (2017). Retrieved
from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=24676.
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Justice. (2015). Probation in Turkey.
Retrieved from http://www.cep-probation.org/wpcontent/
uploads/2015/09/PROBATION-in-TURKEY.pdf
- Silver, H. (1994). Social exclusion and social solidarity: three paradigms.
International Labour Review, 133, 531 – 578.
- Simons, R. L., Robertson, J. F. (1989) The Impact of parenting factors,
deviant peers, and coping style upon adolescent drug use. Family Relations,
38(3), 273 – 281. doi: 10.2307/585052
- Smith D.; Stewart J. (1997). Probation and Social Exclusion. Social
Policy Administration, 31(5): 96 - 115.
- Stewart G. (1996). Housing, In M. Drakeford; M. Vanstone (Eds.),
Beyond Offending Behavior. Aldershot: Arena.
- Stewart G.; Stewart J. (1993). Social Circumstances of younger
Offenders Under Probation Supervision, Wakefield, ACOP.
- Tuncer, G.; Duru, M. N. (2011). İş Doyumu: Denetimli Serbestlik
Şubelerinde Çalışan Personel Örneği, İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Dergisi
(İAÜD). 10(3): 115 - 142. Retrieved from http://iaud.aydin.edu.tr/makaleler
cilt1sayi9/12_gorkem_tuncer.pdf
- W. Groot & H. M. van den Brink (2010) The effects of education on
crime, Applied Economics, 42:3, 279-289, DOI: 10.1080/00036840701604412
- Wooditch, A., Tang, L. L., Taxman, F. S. (2014). Which criminogenic
need changes are most ımportant ın promoting desistance from crime and substance
use?. Criminal Justice Behaviour, 41(3), 276 – 299. doi:
10.1177/0093854813503543
- Wright, J. P.; Cullen, F. T. (2004) Employment, peers, and life- course
transitions. Justice Quarterly, 21(1), 183-205. doi:
10.1080/07418820400095781
- Yavuz, H. A. (2011). Ceza Adalet Sisteminde Denetimli Serbestlik
(Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi, Kamu Hukuku Anabilim
Dalı, Ankara.
- Yavuz, H. A. (2012). Denetimli Serbestliğin Türk Ceza Adalet
Sistemindeki Tarihsel Gelişim Süreci, TBB Dergisi, 100: 318-342.
- Yavuz, H. A. (2016). Türkiye’de Denetimli Serbestlik Mümkün Müdür?
Dünü, Bugünü Ve Yarınıyla Türk Ceza Adalet Sisteminde Denetimli Serbestlik.
In D. Özyörük (Ed.), Türkiye’de Denetimli Serbestlik 10. Yıl Uluslararası
Sempozyumu Bildiri Kitabı (pp. 15 - 23), Ankara: Adalet Bakanlığı Ceza Ve
Tevkifevleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Atalay Matbası. Retrieved from
Http://Www.Cte-Ds.Adalet.Gov.Tr/E_Bulten/Sempozyum_E_Kitap.Pdf
- Yazici, A. B., Yazici, E., Akkisi Kumsar, N., & Erol, A. (2015).
Addiction profile in probation practices in Turkey: 5-year data analysis.
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 11, 2259–2263.
http://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S89417
- Yüncü, Z.; Aydın, R.; Aydın, C.; Özbaran, B.; Köse, S. (2016)
Determination of Clinical and Socio-demographical Di erences of Adolescents
Applying to a Treatment Center with Family Encouragement or the Decision of
the Probation O ce and Determination of Predictive Factors in Maintaining
Soberness among Probation Cases, Arch Neuropsychiatr. 53: 130 - 135. DOI:
10.5152/npa.2015.8719