YAŞLILARLA SOSYAL HİZMETLERDE YENİ PARADİGMA: YAŞLILARI GÜÇLENDİRME

Yaşlı bireyler toplum tabanında ve sosyal politika uygulamalarında bakıma muhtaç, diğerlerine bağımlı, topluma faydasız ve yük olarak değerlendirilmekte, bu algı hizmet süreçlerine de yansımaktadır. Ülkemizde yaşlı bireylere yönelik sosyal hizmetler bakım modeli odaklı olarak uygulanmakta, bu durum yaşlıları daha bağımlı hale getirerek güçsüzleştirmektedir. Ancak son yıllarda sosyal hizmet disiplininde ön plana çıkan güçlendirme yaklaşımı, bireylerin içsel potansiyellerinin geliştirilmesi, güçlü yanlarının ön plana çıkarılması, çevresel kaynakların harekete geçirilmesi, karar süreçlerine dahil olması, topluma katkı ve katılımlarının desteklenmesi ile birlikte yaşlıların toplumda olumsuz algılanmasının önüne geçilmesi ve yaşam kalitelerinin arttırılması açısından faydalı görülmektedir. Güçlendirme yaklaşımında hizmet alanlarla işbirliği içinde bir süreç izlenerek kurum bakımı, sağlık hizmetleri ve sosyal hizmetlerde güçlendirme odaklı uygulamalar ile birlikte kollektif grup çalışmaları, sivil katılım, istihdam, eğitim, gönüllü çalışmalar, kuşaklararası ilişkiler gibi pek çok alan yaşlı bireylerin güçlendirilmesi için kullanılabilir. Yaşlı bireylerin yardıma muhtaç ve güçsüz bir grup olarak algılanmasını önlemek için makro düzeyde sosyal politika uygulamaları üretilmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yaşlı, Güçlendirme, Politika, Sosyal Hizmetler, Katılım

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