YAŞLILARA YÖNELİK SOSYAL HİZMETLERDE YENİ PARADİGMA: YAŞLI BİREYLERİ GÜÇLENDİRME

Yaşlı bireyler toplum tabanında ve sosyal politika uygulamalarında bakıma muhtaç,diğerlerine bağımlı, topluma faydasız ve yük olarak değerlendirilmekte, bu algı hizmetsüreçlerine de yansımaktadır. Ülkemizde yaşlı bireylere yönelik sosyal hizmetler bakımmodeli odaklı olarak uygulanmakta, bu durum yaşlıları daha bağımlı hale getirerekgüçsüzleştirmektedir. Ancak son yıllarda sosyal hizmet disiplininde ön plana çıkan güçlendirmeyaklaşımı, bireylerin içsel potansiyellerinin geliştirilmesi, güçlü yanlarının ön plana çıkarılması,çevresel kaynakların harekete geçirilmesi, karar süreçlerine dâhil olması, topluma katkı vekatılımlarının desteklenmesi ile birlikte yaşlıların toplumda olumsuz olarak algılanmasınınönüne geçilmesi ve yaşam kalitelerinin arttırılması açısından faydalı görülmektedir.Çalışmada literatür taraması gerçekleştirilerek yaşlıları güçlendirme noktasında birderleme oluşturulmuştur. Literatür çalışmalarına göre güçlendirme yaklaşımında hizmetalanlarla iş birliği içinde bir süreç izlenerek kurum bakımı, sağlık hizmetleri ve sosyalhizmetlerde güçlendirme odaklı uygulamalar ile birlikte kolektif grup çalışmaları, sivil katılım,istihdam, eğitim, gönüllü çalışmalar, kuşaklararası ilişkiler gibi pek çok alan yaşlı bireyleringüçlendirilmesi için kullanılabilir. Bu doğrultuda yaşlı bireylerin toplumda yardıma muhtaç vegüçsüz bir grup olarak algılanmasını önlemek için makro düzeyde sosyal politika uygulamalarıüretilmesi gerekmektedir.

NEW PARADIGM IN THE SOCIAL WORK FOR THE ELDERLY: EMPOWERMENT OF THE ELDERLY

Elderly individuals are considered to be in need of care, dependent on others, useless to society and burden in the community base and in social policy practices and this perception is reflected in service processes. In our country, social work towards elderly individuals are implemented with a care model oriented, which makes them more dependent. However, the empowerment approach which is prominent in the social work discipline has been considered as useful in recent years along with the development of internal potentials of the individuals, the strengthening of the environmental resources, the involvement of the decision-making processes, the support of the contribution and participation in the society with regard to prevent negative perception of the elderly in the society and increase the quality of life. In this study, a literature review was made about empowering the elderly. In empowerment approach, many areas such as collective group work, civic engagement, employment, education, volunteer studies, intergenerational solidarity can be used in institutional care, health and social work by following a process in cooperation with service users to empower the elderly individuals by literature. Thus, social policy practices at macro level should be produced in order to prevent the perception of elderly people as a helpless and vulnerable group in society

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