SOSYAL HİZMET UYGULAMASINDA BOWEN'IN AİLE SİSTEMLERİ YAKLAŞIMI

Aile kurumunun nitelikleri, sorunları ve ihtiyaçları, içinde bulunduğu toplumun sosyal yapısına göre farklılıklar göstermektedir. Aile hayatını sağlıklı kılan temel ilke ve değerler, insanın hayatını da sağlıklı ve anlamlı kılar. Sistem yaklaşımına göre aile bir geçmişi paylaşan, duygusal bağı olan, bireysel aile üyelerinin ve ailenin bütününün ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için stratejiler planlayan bireylerden oluşmuş karmaşık bir yapı olarak tanımlanır. Ailenin sahip olduğu etkileşim örüntüsünü, diğer sistemleri ve alt sistemleri güçlendirmek amacıyla sosyal hizmet uygulamalarında aile danışmalığı konusu önemli bir başlık olarak ele alınmaya başlamıştır. Sonraki yıllarda aile danışmanlığında özellikle Jay Haley, Salvador Minuchin, Virginia Satir, Cari Whitaker, Murray Bowen ve Nathan Ackerman etkili olmuştur. Günümüzde, sosyal hizmet uygulamaları kapsamında aile danışmanlığında kullanılan kuram ve yaklaşımlar çeşitlilik göstermektedir. Aile ile çalışmanın hassasiyeti göz önüne alındığında bu derleme günümüzde yaygın bir kullanım alanı bulan ve güçlü yönleri kanıtlanan “Bowen’ın Aile Sistemleri Yaklaşımını” temel bileşenleri ile hatırlatarak Murray Bowen’ı sosyal hizmet profesyonellerine tanıtma amacı taşımaktadır. Bowen’ın aile danışmanlığına iki önemli katkısı bulunur. İlk katkısı ile Bowen “Aile Grup Danışmanlığını” ilk uygulayan kişi olarak anılacaktır. Diğer katkısı ile Bowen ailenin tarihçesine vurgu yaparak daha çok kuşaklararası konulara bakarken sorunlara şimdiki zamanda müdahale edebilmeyi başaracaktır. Bowen, kendi geçmişindeki olaylardan, özellikle ailesiyle olan zorluklar sebebiyle etkilenmiştir. Bu nedenle, yaklaşımı üzerinde kendi kişisel durumunun büyük etkisi olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Aile, Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamaları, Aile Danışmanlığı, Bowen, Bowen’ın Aile Sistemleri Yaklaşımı

RECOGNIZE BOWEN: FAMILY SYSTEMS APPROACH AT THE BASIC LEVEL

The characteristics, problems, and needs of the family institution vary according to the social structure of the society. The basic principles and values that make family life healthy also make human life healthy and meaningful. According to the systems approach, the family is defined as a complex structure composed of individuals who share a common past, have emotional ties, and plan strategies to meet the needs of individual family members and the whole family. In order to strengthen the family's interaction pattern, other systems and sub-systems, family counselling in social work practices started to be addressed as an important topic. In the following years, Jay Haley, Salvador Minuchin, Virginia Satir, Cari Whitaker, Murray Bowen, and Nathan Ackerman were particularly effective in family counselling. Nowadays, the theories and approaches used in family counselling within the scope of social work practices vary. Considering the sensitivity of studying the family, this review aims to introduce Murray Bowen to social workers by recalling “Bowen's Family Systems Approach,” which is widely used nowadays and of which strong aspects have been proved, with its basic components. Bowen has two important contributions to family counselling. With his first contribution, Bowen is referred to as the first person to implement “Family Group Counselling.” With his other contribution, Bowen manages to intervene in problems at the present time while focusing on more intergenerational issues with an emphasis on the family's history. Bowen has been influenced by events in his own past, especially because of the difficulties he had in his family. Therefore, his personal situation has had a great influence on his approach.

Keywords:

Family, Social Work Paractices, Family Counselling, Bowen, Bowen's Family Systems Approach,

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