Yazma becerisine bilişsel bir yaklaşım ve pratiğin önemi

Yabancı dil öğrenenler, paragraf, metin ya da öykü gibi yazılı metinleri okuduklarında, bu metinlerdeki mesajları anlamak için bağlamsal ipuçlarından, dünyevi bilgilerinden ve tahmin etme yeteneklerinden faydalanmaktadırlar. Fakat iş yazı yoluyla mesaj oluşturmaya gelince, bu tür sözcük işleme yöntemleri tek başına yeterli olmamaktadır. Yazı yoluyla mesaj oluşturmanın psiko-dilbilimsel gereklilikleri öğrencilerin beyinlerinde sözdizimsel işleme üzerinde daha fazla yoğunlaşmalarına neden olmaktadır. Okuyucu anlamsal işleme odaklanırken yazar hem anlamsal hem de sözdizimsel işleme odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, beynin yazı yazma işini nasıl yürüttüğü ve pratik yapmanın yazım becerisiyle ilgili bilişsel süreçlerin gelişiminde ve otomatikleşmenin gerçekleşmesinde oynadığı rol hakkında en son bilgileri içermektedir. Türkiye’deki İngilizce öğrenim ve öğretim süreçlerinde yazma becerisine verilen önem anketler ve sınav sonuçları bu bilgiler ışığında değerlendirilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmanın nihai amacı son yıllarda yazma becerisinde gözlemlenen gerilemenin nedenlerine bir nebze olsun ışık tutmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bilişsellik, üretme, yazma, işleme, pratik

A cognitive approach to writing skill and the importance of practice

When language learners read paragraphs, texts, stories etc. in or outside the language classroom, they are able to comprehend the messages by relying on key content words aided by contextual clues, knowledge of the world, and guessing. However, relying merely on this kind of lexical processing is not possible during writing. The psycholinguistic demands of composing messages through writing cause the learners to put much more effort on syntactic processing while handling lexical processing as well. While semantic processing is the focus of a reader’s brain, both semantic and syntactic processing are the focus of the writer’s brain. This study involves the latest information about how brain handles the task of writing, and what role practice plays in the development of cognitive processes related to writing skill while the objective is to achieve automaticity. The importance given to the writing skill in Turkey has been surveyed through questionnaires and analysis of exam results and these findings have been interpreted in the light of these recent findings on cognitive processes concerning writing. It is hoped that it will provide some explanation for the gradual decline in the writing performance of the language learners in recent years.

Keywords:

Cognition, production, writing, processing, practice,

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