Rousseau’nun Les rêveries du promeneur solitaire, adlı eserinin fonosemantik bakış açısıyla tartışılması

Platon'un fıkırı göre, her biri önem işleyerek seslerin bir araya getirilmesiyle sözcüklerin yaratılmasını anlatan tezi uyarınca, Marchand, İngiliz dili arasında bir fonesteme listesi yaptı, hangi seslerin uzama, canlılık vb. veririr anlatan. Bilim adamları arasında Bloomfield, Jespersen, Sapir, Firth, Jakobson, Ultan, Magnus bu konuyla ilişkili olarak araştırma yapmışlardır. Tüm bu bilim insanlarının çalışmaları büyük bir alan olan Fonosemantik alanında örneklerle desteklenmekte ve hala araştırılmaya açık bulunmaktadır. İki veya daha fazla dil arasındaki karşılaştırmalı bir bakış açısından yaklaşıldığında sonuçlar daha belirgin olmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı, Rousseau’nun Rêveries du promeneur solitaire adlı eserindeki ses tekrarları ve fenomenleri Yunancaya nasıl aktarıldığı konusunda sezgiler sağlamaktır. Bilinen bir gerçektir ki, edebi bir çalışmada “kelimelerde oyun” (açık veya kapalı) olması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu fenomenlerin kaynak ve hedef dillerde nasıl davranıldığını göstermek için uğraşacağız. Var olan tercumerlere dayanıyoruz, dillerin seçimlerinde ayrıntılı bir analiz hedefleyerek. Ayrıca dillerin seçimleride Fransızca orijinalinde estetik etkilerini nasıl aktarıyor ve detaylı bir şekilde analiz etmeyi amaçlayan onaylanmış bir çeviriye dayanmaktayız. Terçümen, üslup efektlerini hedef dil okuyucusuna telkin etmek için ne yapamaktadır? Fonosemantik etkilerin Yunancaya aktarılmasının imkânsız olduğunu belirten durumlar var mıdır? Eğer öyleyse, tercüman potansiyel kayıpları nasıl telafi etmeye çalışmaktadır?

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Fonosemantik, fonostilistik, semantik, seslerin tercümesi, Yunanca, Francızca

Rousseau’s Les rêveries du promeneur solitaire, discussed from the point of view of phonosemantics

According to Plato’s thesis ascribing the creation of words to the conjunction of sounds, each one of which carries a significance, Marchand provided a list of the English phonesthemes, explaining which sounds attribute prolongation, vivacity etc. Linguists among other scientists conducted relevant research: Bloomfield, Jespersen, Sapir, Firth, Jakobson, Ultan, Magnus. All these scientists’ studies are instantiated in the enormous field of Phonosemantics, still open to investigation. Approached from a contrastive point of view between two or more languages results are more salient. The aim of this essay consists in providing insights about sound repetitions in Rousseau’s Rêveries du promeneur solitaire and the way phenomena are transferred into Greek. It is truism that «plays on words» (explicits or implicits) turn out to be of high importance in a literary study. We shall attend to depict how these phenomena are treated in source and target languages. We lean on an attested translation aiming at an incisive analysis of the linguistic choices made and how they render the esthetic effects of the French original. What does the translator do to inculcate the stylistic effects to the target language reader? Are there cases pointing out the impossibility to transfer the phonosemantic effects into Greek? If so, how does the translator tries to retrieve potential losses?

Keywords:

Phonosemantics, phonostylistics, semantics and sounds’ translation, Modern Greek, French,

PDF

___

Arrivé, Michael, Françoise Gadet, Michel Galmiche. (1986). La grammaire aujourd'hui. Guide alphabétique de linguistique française. Flammarion. Baker, Mona. (2001). Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. Routledge. Barrett Feldman, Lisa, Lindquist Kristen A., Gendron Maria. (2007). Language as context for the perception of emotion. Trends in Cognitive Science, 11(8): 327–332. Ben-Ari, Nrrsa. (1998). The Ambivalent Case of Repetitions in Literary Translation. Avoiding Repetitions: A 'Universal' of Translation. Meta, XLIII: 68-78. Childs, G. T. (2014). Sound symbolism. Ιn J. R. Taylor (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of the word. Oxford University Press. Connolly, David. (1996), Η Μετάφραση της Ποίησης: Προλεγόμενα μιας Συζήτησης [Translation of Poetry. Prelegomena of a Discussion], Μετάφραση ’96 [Translation’96], tome 2, p.28‐37. Connolly, David. (2001). Poetry Translation. In Mona Baker (Ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. (pp. 170-176). Routledge. Crystal, David. (2010). Little Book of Language. Yale University Press. de Beaugrande, Robert (1978). Factors in a Theory of Poetic Translating. Van Gorcum. Delisle, Jean, Lee Hannelore, Jahnke, Monique, Cormier. (1999) Terminologie de la traduction. John Benjamins Publishing Company. Dubois, Jean (sous la direction de). (2007). Dictionnaire de Linguistique et des sciences du langage. Larousse. Eliot, Thomas Stearns. (1964). The Use of Poetry & the Use of Criticism. Faber and Faber. Gendron, Maria, Feldman Barrett Lisa. (2018). Emotion Perception as Conceptual Synchrony». Emotion Review, 10:2, 101-110. Genette, Gérard. (1976). Mimologiques: voyage en Cratylie. Seuil. Golden, Séan. (1997). Whose morsel of lips will you bite? Some reflections on the role of prosody and genre as non-verbal elements in the translation of poetry». In Fernando Payotos (Ed.), Nonverbal Communication (p.217-248). John Benjamins. Grammont, Maurice. (1933). Traité de phonétique. Delagrave. Greenberg, J. H., Jenkins, J. J.. [1966 (1990)]. Studies in the psychological correlates of the sound system of American English: III. Descriptive ratings of selected consonants». In K. Denning and S. Kemmer (Eds.), On language: Selected writings of Joseph H. Greenberg. Stanford University Press. Hinton, Leanne, Nichols, Johanna, Ohala, John J. (Eds). (1994). Sound Symbolism. Cambridge University Press. Imai, Mutsumi, Kita, Sotaro. (2014). The sound symbolism bootstrapping hypothesis for language acquisition and language evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0298 Jakobson, Roman. (1960). Linguistics and Poetics. In Sebeok T. (Ed.), Style in Language. (pp.350-377). M.I.T. Press. Jakobson, Roman. (1963). Linguistique et poétique. Essais de linguistique générale. (pp. 209-248). Minuit. Jakobson, Roman. (1981). Selected Writings, III. Poetry of Grammar and Grammar of Poetry. Mouton de Gruyter. Jespersen, Otto. (1922). Language: Its nature, development, and origin. George Allen and Unwin Ltd. Karksy, Marie Nadia. (2004). "Ce n'est point ainsi que parle la nature": Traduire Molière en Anglais. In Michel Ballard et Lance Hewson (études réunies par), Correct/Incorrect. (pp.65-76). Artois Presses Université (Collection: Traductologie). Kierkegaard, Soren. [2003 (1933)]. La Répétition, Editions Payot et Rivages. Traduction Jacques Privat. Klink, R. R.. (2000). Creating brand names with meaning: The use of sound symbolism. Marketing Letters, 11(1), 5-20. Köhler, Wolfgang. (1929). Gestalt Psychology. Liveright. Ladmiral, Jean-René. (1994). Traduire: théorèmes pour la traduction. Tel Gallimard. Larthomas, Pierre. (1985). Les Rêveries du promeneur solitaire, (étude de langue et de style d'un passage de la première promenade). L'information grammaticale, 25, 20-22. Mackridge, Peter. (2003). Κρυφά λογοπαίγνια στην ποίηση του Καβάφη [Hidden word games in Kavafy's poetry]. In Σύγχρονες Τάσεις στην Ελληνική Γλωσσολογία. Μελέτες αφιερωμένες στην Ειρήνη Φιλιππάκη-Warburton, [Modern Trends in Greek Linguistics. Studies dedicated to Irini Philippaki-Warburton]. (pp. 76-86). Pataki Editions. Magnus, Margaret. (2000). What's in a Word? Evidence for Phonosemantics. Doctoral dissertation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Magnus, Margaret. (2013). A history of sound symbolism. In K. Allan (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of historical linguistics. (pp. 191-208). Oxford University Press. Marchand, Hans. (1969). The categories and types of present-day English word-formation. Verlag C. H. Beck. Meschonnic, Henri. (2002). Traduire n'est pas traduire si on ne traduit pas le rythme ». In Traduire au XXIème siècle: Tendances et perspectives. Actes du Colloque International tenu à Thessalonique le 27-29 septembre 2002. (pp.375-384). Mourot, Jean. (1969). Chateaubriand. Le génie d'un style. Rythme et sonorité dans le mémoire d'outre-tombe. Armand Colin. Newmark, Peter. (1988). A Textbook of Translation. Prentice-Hall. Nobile, Luca. (2014). L'iconicité phonologique dans les neurosciences cognitives et dans la tradition linguistique française. Le français moderne, 1(1), 131-169. Nuckolls, Janis B.. (1999). The Case for Sound Symbolism. Annual Review of Anthropology, 28, 225-252. Ohala, J. J.. (1984). An ethological perspective on common cross-language utilization of F0 of voice. Phonetica, 41(1), 1-16. Pecher, Diane, Zwaan, Rolf A. D., (Eds.). (2005). Grounding cognition: the role of perception and action in memory, language, and thinking. Cambridge University Press. Ramachandran, V., Hubbard, E.. (2001). Synaesthesia - A Window Into Perception, Thought and Language. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 8(12), 3-34. Sapir, Edward. (1929a). The Status of Linguistics as a Science. Language, 5(4), 207-214. Sapir, Edward. (1929b). A study in phonetic symbolism. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12. 225–239. Sapir, Edward. (1956). Selected Writings in Language, Culture and Personality. University of California Press. Saussure, Ferdinand de. [1959 (1916)]. Cours de linguistique générale. Payot. Séférian, Catherine. (2002). Traduction Allemande du Paysan Parvenu de Marivaux ». In Annie Rivara (Ed.), La Traduction des langues modernes au XVIIIe siècle. (pp.31-47). Honoré Champion. Shigeto, Kawahara, Kazuko, Shinohara. (2010). A Cross-linguistic Study of Sound Symbolism: The Images of Size». Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of Berkley Linguistic Society (6-7 February 2010). (pp.369-410). Shigeto, Kawahara, Kazuko, Shinohara. (2012). A tripartite trans-modal relationship among sounds, shapes and emotions: A case of abrupt modulation. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 34, 569-574. Slavova, Velina. (2019). Towards emotion recognition in texts – a sound-symbolic experiment. International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education (IJCRSEE), 7(2), 41-51. Starobinski, Jean. (1971). Les Mots sous les Mots. Les Anagrammes de Ferdinand de Saussure. Gallimard. Tsur, Reuven. (2006). Size sound symbolism revisited». Journal of Pragmatics, 38, 905–924. Ultan, Russell. (1978). The nature of future tenses. In Greenberg Joseph H., Ferguson Charles A. et Moravcsik Edith (Eds.), Universals of Human Language, 3, 83–123. Stanford University Press. Vagenas, Nassos. [2004 (1989)]. Ποίηση και μετάφραση [Poetry and Translation]. Stigmi Editions. von Humboldt, Wilhelm. [1999 (1840)]. On Language. On the Diversity of Human Language Construction and its Influence on the Mental Development of the Human Species. Edited by Michael Losonsky, CUP. Wichmann, Søren, Holman, Eric W., Brown Cecil H.. (2010). Sound Symbolism in Basic Vocabulary. Entropy, 12, 844-858.
Corpus Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. (1983). Les rêveries du promeneur solitaire. Librairie Générale Française. Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. (1990). Οι ονειροπολήσεις του μοναχικού οδοιπόρου [Les rêveries du promeneur solitaire]. Editions Zacharopoulos.