HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE FUTURE OF MULTICULTURALISM IN EUROPE: PERİNÇEK V. SWITZERLAND

Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi’nde (AİHM) görülen Perinçek- İsviçre davası, Avrupa’nın bazı kısımlarında toplumsal hayata uyum sağlamada yaşanan krizin bir göstergesidir. 11 Eylül 2001 terör saldırılarından sonra, çok-kültürlülük üzerine olan akademik tartışma son derece siyasileşmiş ve sömürgecilik-sonrası dönemin anlayışından uzaklaşmıştır. Şu anda bu konuyla ilgili yapılan çalışmalarda tarih yazımının, ulusal kimlik için olan önemi üzerinde yeterince durulmamaktadır. Yakın zamanda AİHM -konuşmasının tarihsel, hukuksal ve siyasi içeriği olduğu gerekçesiyle, mahkûm edilmesine sebebiyet verecek bir acil toplumsal ihtiyaç olmadığını belirterek- Doğu Perinçek lehine karar vermiş olsa da, Mahkeme ulusal köken sebebiyle ortaya çıkan tarih yazımı farklarının Avrupa’da nasıl toplumsal yaşama uyum sağlamaya engel teşkil ettiğini sorgulamaya yönelik bir acil toplumsal ihtiyaç olup olmadığı meselesine ele almamıştır. Bu makalenin ana savı, Avrupa’da toplumsal yaşama uyum sağlanması için, değişik ulusal ve etnik kökenler arasındaki tarih anlayışlarının birbirleriyle uyuşması için, tarih yazımında değişiklikler yapılmasının bir önkoşul olduğudur. Grup kimliğinin oluşmasının temel belirleyicilerinden olan ulusal ve dini tarih anlatımlarındaki uyuşmazlık söz konusuyken, Avrupa’da Müslümanların toplumsal yaşama uyum sağlayamamasın sebebinin çok-kültürlülük olduğunu düşünmek ciddi bir yanılgıdır. 1915-16 olaylarına yönelik birbirleriyle çelişen nitelendirmeler, bu soruna önemli bir örnek teşkil etmektedir.

(TARİH YAZIMI VE AVRUPA’DA ÇOK-KÜLTÜRLÜLÜĞÜN GELECEĞİ: PERİNÇEK-İSVİÇRE DAVASI)

The case of Perinçek v. Switzerland, seen at the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), serves as an indication of a civic-integration crisis in parts of Europe. Since 9/11, the academic debate on multiculturalism has become highly politicized and has shifted away from previous postcolonialist sensibilities. The significance of historiography to national identity is currently understated in the relevant studies. Similarly, even though the ECHR recently ruled in favor of Doğu Perinçek, stating that there was no pressing social need to convict him because his speech was of a historical, legal and political nature, the Court did not consider, however, whether there is a pressing social need to ask how historiographical differences due to difference of national heritage stifle civil integration in Europe. The main argument in this paper is that historiographical adjustments toward a harmonious consolidation of historical narratives among groups of different national and ethnic background are a prerequisite for civil integration in Europe. It is a major misconception to think that multiculturalism is the reason for the failing integration of Muslims in Europe, while there are in existence irreconcilable narratives of national and religious history that are foundational in the formation of group identity. The conflicting characterizations of the events in 1915-16 provide a major example of this challenge.

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