Karia’da Yunanca Epigramlar – Yerli Nüfusun Helenleşmesine dair Veriler

Karia yazıtları, özellikle de mezar yazıtları açısından ilgi çekici derecede zengindir. Bu makale Karia mezar yazıtlarını, bölgenin Roma’nın fethine kadar politik ve kültürel gelişimi çerçevesinde yorumlamayı denemektedir. Karia en erken dönemlerden itibaren Yunan medeniyetiyle temas halinde olmuş ve Büyük Kolonizasyon Dönemi’nde sahilleri boyunca çok sayıda Yunan iskâncı kabul etmiştir. Bununla birlikte özellikle iç kesimler için yerel nüfusun Yunan Dünyası’nın politik ve kültürel etkisi altına girmesi Helenistik Dönem’le birlikte olmuştur. Bütün bu süre zarfında tüm bölgede sadece Karca’nın kullanılmasında değil, örneğin Yunan ve Doğu kültürlerinden esinlenen ama bunları kendine has Karia biçemini yaratmak için kullanan yerel mezar mimarisinde de güçlü bir yerli Karia kimliği tespit edilebilmektedir. Buna karşın mezar epigramları, temaları, ölüye atfedilen değerler, yazıtların okuyucuları veya hatta sahipleri açısından değerlendirildiklerinde bu tür bir Karia özelliği sergilemezler. Dolayısıyla söz konusu yazıtlar, bunları çeşitlilik olsun diye değil, tam tersine kendi statüleri ve kültürel artalanlarının cakasını satmak için ayırt edici bir form olarak talep eden yerel Yunan elitler için bir tür kimlik belirteci olarak anlaşılmalıdırlar.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Karia, Helenleşme, yerel seçkinler, mezar epigramları, kültürel aktarım

Griechische Grabepigramme in Karien – Zeugnisse der Hellenisierung der lokalen Bevölkerung?

Caria is surprisingly rich in inscriptions and particularly in funerary epigrams. This essay tries to interpret Carian funerary epigrams in the context of the regions political and cultural development down to the Roman conquest. Caria had been in contact with the Greek civilization from its earliest days and received a large number of Greek settlers along its coast in the age of the Great Colonization. Particularly for the hinterland, however, it was the Hellenistic Age that brought the local people under Greek political and cultural influence. All the while, a strong Carian indigenous identity can be detected in the entire region not only in the use of the Carian language, but also e.g. in the local funerary architecture, that was strongly inspired by Greek and Eastern influences but used these to create a specifically Carian style. However, the funerary epigrams seem to show no such particularly Carian traits in respect to its themes, the values attributed to the dead, the recipients or even initiators of the inscriptions. They must thus be understood as identity markers for the local Greek elites who did not wish for variation but in contrast for a traditional and recognizeable form to show off their status and cultural background.

Keywords:

Caria, Hellenisation, local elites, funerary epigrams, cultural transfer,

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