Frigce’de Mezar ve Mezar Yapılarının Adlandırılması Üzerine

Yazar, makalesinin ilk bölümüne “mezar” anlamına geldiğini düşündüğü, Eski Frigce (EFr) veba = Yeni Frigce (YFr) ουεβα sözcüğünü yorumlayarak başlamaktadır (cf. Lubotsky 1997, 127) ve bu yorumu için YFr 30, 48, 92 nolu yazıtları ve Nakoleia’dan yayımlanmamış bir altarı kanıt olarak göstermektedir. Henüz yayımlanmayan bu yazıt bir cesedi (?) mezar yerine koymak ile ilişkili olup yazıtın ilk bölümü (protasis) “her kim bu yere bir başka mezar koyarsa” anlamına gelmelidir. Yazara göre, Vezirhan’da bulunan EFr yazıtının apodosis bölümündeki (Neumann 1997, B-05) veban ituv ifadesi, Gorbachov 2008, 12’de önerildiği gibi “weban olsun” şeklinde değil, “mezara girsin” diğer bir deyişle “ölsün” şeklinde tercüme edilmelidir. EFr veba = YFr ουεβα (mezar, aşağı yukarı Yunanca’daki τάφος ya da τύμβος’a denk gelmektedir) sözcüğünün anlamı, (Yunanca μνῆμα ya da μνημεῖον’a eşdeğerdir), daha çok tam anlamıyla bir mezar yapısını ifade eden ve bir anma düşüncesini de içeren κνουμαν sözcüğünden bir parça ayrılmaktadır. Makalenin ikinci bölümünde yazar, mezar mimarisi ile ilişkili olan eski ve yeni Frigce terimleri yorumlamakta ve veba/ουεβα ve κνουμα’dan başka, mezar yapısına işaret eden μεμαρια (= memoria), mrotis/ μροσσας, manka/μανκα (= στήλη, titulus), meka (= ?), detoun (olasılıkla ayrıca andetoun)/δετο(υ)ν (= θῆμα, ἀνάθημα?), ayrıca belki iman (= ?) gibi sözcükleri de tespit etmektektedir. Diğer yandan yazar, soro-/σορο- (= σορός, ‘lahit’) ve θαλαμ- (= θαλάμη, ‘mezar odası’) gibi başka dilden alınmış sözcükleri ya da mezar yapısına ait bölümleri ifade eden τεαμα/ατεαμα (= θέμα?), σαυναμα (= ‘temel’ ya da ‘zemin’?) and ακροδμα (= ‘üst kısım, olasılıkla ‘çatı’) gibi pek çok teknik sözcüğü de birbirinden ayırt etmektedir. Mezar yeri metinlerde koro-/κορο- (= χῶρος, χωρίον, τόπος, ayrıca bkz. bileşik sözcük porkoro-) ya da κορουμαν olarak geçmektedir. Κορουμαν’ın bir bölümünden ise περβεδα (= ?) olarak bahsedilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Frigce, Nakoleia, Vezirhan, mezar yapıları

Zur Bezeichnung des Grabes und der Grabanlagen im Phrygischen

The author starts by commenting on the word OPhr. veba = NPhr. ουεβα, which he considers to mean ‘grave’ (cf. Lubotsky 1997, 127). He adduces as NPhr. occurrences the inscriptions nos. 30, 48, 92, as well as an unpublished altar from Nacoleia (cf. note 16). In this unedited inscription we have to do with an interdiction to add a grave (ουεβα) to the funerary plot (κορο[υ]μαν, new word) and the meaning of the first part (protasis) of the course would consequently be ‘whoever consacrates (i.e. adds) a (i.e. another) grave to this plot’. In the apodosis of the OPhr. inscription from Vezirhan (Neumann 1997 = B-05) veban ituv should be translated as ‘may he go in the grave’, i.e. ‘may he die’, and not as ‘may he become weban’, as suggested in Gorbachov 2008, 102. The meaning of OPhr. veba = NPhr. ουεβα ‘grave’ (corresponding more or less to Greek τάφος or τύμβος) slightly differs from that of κνουμαν (corresponding to Greek μνῆμα or μνημεῖον), that designates rather the funerary monument attesting the grave proper and also contains the idea of remembrance. In the second part of the paper the author comments on several OPhr. and APhr. terms pertaining to funerary architecture. Besides veba/ουεβα and κνουμαν he identifies as terms designating funerary monuments μεμαρια (= memoria), mrotis/μροσσας, manka/μανκα (= στήλη, titulus), meka (= ?), detoun (possibly also andetoun)/δετο(υ)ν (= θῆμα, ἀνάθημα?), perhaps also iman (= ?). On the other hand, he distinguishes as technical terms the loanwords soro-/σορο- (= σορός, ‘sarcophagus’) and θαλαμ- (= θαλάμη, ‘funerary chamber’), as well as several words designating just parts of the funerary monument: τεαμα/ατεαμα (= θέμα?), σαυναμα (= ‘foundation’ or ‘socle’?) and ακροδμα (= ‘upper part’, possibly ‘roof’). The plot belonging to a grave is mentioned as koro-/κορο- (= χῶρος, χωρίον, τόπος, see also the compound porkoro-) or κορουμαν. A part of a κορουμαν appears to have been referred to as περβεδα (= ?).

Keywords:

Phrygian, Nacoleia, Vezirhan, funerary monuments,

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