Turgut KÜLTÜR, Baran SARIKAYA, Ahmet İNANIR

Topuk Ağrısı

Topuk ağrısı, toplumda yaygın olarak görülen ve klinisyenlerle hasta popülasyonunu sıkça karşı karşıya getiren klinik bir durumdur. Topuk ağrısının lokal ve sistemik etkenler başlığı altında bir çok nedeni olabilir. Yumuşak doku kökenli lokal ağrı nedenleri arasında başta plantar fasiit, topuk yağ yastığı atrofisi olmak üzere tendinopatiler, tuzak nöropatiler ve bursit sayılabilir. Lokal kemik doku nedenleri arasında ise öncelikle haglund deformitesi, apofizit ve kalkaneus stres kırıkları sayılabilir. Sistemik nedenler etiyolojide çok fazla yer almazlar

Heel Pain

Heel pain is a frequent problem confronted by clinicians. Various local or systemic irregularities can cause heel pain. Local causes arising from soft tissue are mainly plantar fasciitis, heel fat pad atrophy tendinopathies trap neuropathies and bursitis.Local tissue irregularities causing heel pain are mainly heglund deformity apophysitis and calcaneus stress fractures . Systemic causes are not frequent in the etiology of heel pain

PDF

___

1. Martin JE, Hosch JC, Goforth WP, Murff RT, Lynch DM, Odom RD. Mechanical treatment of plantar fasciitis. A prospective study. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2001; 91(2): 55-62.
2. Buchbinder R, Ptasznik R, Gordon J, Buchanan J, Prabaharan V, Forbes A. Ultrasound-guided extracorporeal shock wave therapy for plantar fasciitis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002; 288(11): 1364-1372.
3. Riddle DL, Pulisic M, Pidcoe P, Johnson RE. Risk factors for plantar fasciitis: a matched case-control study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003; 85: 872–877.
4. Cole C, Seto C, Gazewood J. Plantar fasciitis: evidence-based review of diagnosis and therapy. Am Fam Physician. 2005;72(11):2237-2242.
5. McMillan AM, Landorf KB, Barrett JT, Menz HB, Bird AR. Diagnostic imaging for chronic plantar heel pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Foot Ankle Res. 2009; 2: 32.
6. Lemont H, Ammirati KM, Usen N. Plantar fasciitis: a degenerative process (fasciosis) without inflammation. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2003;93:234-7.
7. Donley BG, Moore T, Sferra J, Gozdanovic J, Smith R. The efficacy of oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAID) in the treatment of plantar fasciitis: a randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled study. Foot Ankle Int. 2007;28(1):20-23.
8. Hyland MR, Webber-Gaffney A, Cohen L, Lichtman PT. Randomized controlled trial of calcaneal taping, sham taping, and plantar fascia stretching for the short-term management of plantar heel pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2006;36(6):364-371.
9. Wasielewski NJ, Kotsko KM. Does eccentric exercise reduce pain and improve strength in physically active adults with symptomatic lower extremity tendinosis? A systematic review. J Athl Train. 2007;42(3):409-421.
10. Ogden JA, Alvarez RG, Levitt RL et al. Electrohydraulic highenergy shockwave treatment for chronic plantar fasciitis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004; 86: 2,216–2,228.
11. Acevedo JI, Beskin JL. Complications of plantar fascia rupture associated with corticosteroid injection. Foot Ankle Int 1998; 19: 91–97.
12. Leach R, Jones R, Silva T. Rupture of the plantar fascia in athletes. Bone JointSurg Am 1978; 60: 537–539.
13. Aldridge T. Diagnosing heel pain in adults [published correction appears in Am Fam Physician. 2006; 73(5): 776]. Am Fam Physician. 2004; 70(2): 332-338.
14. Prichasuk S. The heel pad in plantar heel pain. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1994; 76(1): 140-142.
15. Neufeld SK, Cerrato R. Plantar fasciitis: evaluation and treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2008; 16: 338-346
16. Kader D, Saxena A, Movin T, Maffulli N: Achilles tendinopathy: some aspects of basic science and clinical manage ment. Br J Sports Med 2002, 36(4):239-49
17. Stein V, Laprell H, Tinnemeyer S, Petersen W: Quantitative assessment of intravascular volume of the human Achilles tendon. Acta Orthop Scand 2000, 71(1):60-3.
18. Kannus P, Jozsa L: Histopathological changes preceding spontaneous rupture of a tendon. A controlled study of 891 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1991, 73-A(10):1507-25
19. Sorosky B, Press J, Plastaras C, Rittenberg J: The practical management of Achilles tendinopathy. Clin J Sport Med 2004, 14(1):40-4
20. Paavola M, Kannus P, Jarvinen TA, Khan K, Jozsa L, Jarvinen M: Achilles tendinopathy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002, 84- A(11):2062-76
21. Cook JL, Khan KM, Pudram C: Achilles tendinopathy. Manual Therapy 2002, 7(3):121-30
22. Maffulli N, Kader D: Tendinopathy of tendo achillis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2002, 84 B(1):1-8
23. Nelen G, Martens M, Burssens A: Surgical treatment of chronic Achilles tendinitis. Am J Sports Med 1989, 17(6):754-9.
24. Schepsis AA, Leach RE: Surgical management of Achilles tendinitis. Am J Sports Med 1987, 15(4):308-15.
25. Stephens MM. Haglund’s deformity and retrocalcaneal bursitis. Orthop Clin North Am 1994;25:41-6.
26. Thomas JL, Christensen JC, Kravitz SR, et al.; American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Heel Pain Committee. The diagnosis and treatment of heel pain: a clinical practice guideline-revision 2010. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2010; 49(3 suppl): S1-S19.
27. Cassas KJ, Cassettari-Wayhs A. Childhood and adolescent sportsrelated overuse injuries. Am Fam Physician. 2006; 73(6): 1014-1022.
28. Micheli LJ, Ireland ML. Prevention and management of calcaneal apophysitis in children: an overuse syndrome. J Pediatr Orthop 1987;7:34-8
29. Johnson ER, Kirby K, Lieberman JS. Lateral plantar nerve entrapment: foot pain in a power lifter. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 1992;20(5):619–20.
30. Erickson SJ, Quinn SF, Kneeland JB, ve diğerleri: Mr imaging of the tarsal tunnel and related spaces: normal and abnormal findings with anatomic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 155:323-328, 1990