Benign Paroksismal Pozisyonel Vertigo’da Tanı, Tedavi Ve Rehabilitasyon Yaklaşımları

Benign paroksismal pozisyonel vertigo BPPV , baş hareketleriyle tetiklenen rekürren vertigo epizotlarıyla karakterize periferik vestibüler sistem kaynaklı bir hastalıktır. Serbest yüzen otolitler tarafından kupulanın anormal stimülasyonu kanalolitiazis veya herhangi bir semisirküler kanalın ampullasındaki kupulaya otolitlerin çökmesi kupulolitiazis sonucu meydana gelir. Etkilenen semisirküler kanal ile baş, yer çekimi etkisi altında aynı düzleme geldiğinde BPPV’nin tipik semptom ve belirtileri ortaya çıkar. Posterior kanal BPPV’de Dix-Hallpike manevrası ve lateral kanal BPPV’de Roll testi sırasında kısa bir latans dönemini, paroksismal nistagmus ve vertigo izler. Başın aksi yöne çevrilmesiyle sıklıkla nistagmusun yönü tersine döner. BPPV semptomlarının süresi, sıklığı ve şiddeti etkilenen kanala ve otolitik debrislerin lokalizasyonuna bağlı olarak değişir. Tedavi uygulamadan spontan iyileşme de beklenebilir. Buna rağmen, kanalit repozisyon manevraları çoğunlukla, semisirküler kanallardaki kanalitlerin vestibüle dönmesini sağlayarak iyileşmeye neden olur

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Benign Paroksismal Pozisyonel Vertigo, Semisirküler kanal, Kanalit Repozisyon Manevraları, Rehabilitasyon

Diagnosis, Treatment And Rehabilitation Approaches In Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo BPPV is characterized by brief recurrent episodes of vertigo triggered by changes in head position. BPPV is the most common etiology of recurrent vertigo and is caused by abnormal stimulation of the cupula by free-floating otoliths canalolithiasis or otoliths that have adhered to the cupula cupulolithiasis within any of the three semicircular canals. Typical symptoms and signs of BPPV are evoked when the head is positioned so that the plane of the affected semicircular canal is spatially vertical and thus aligned with gravity. Paroxysm of vertigo and nystagmus develops after a brief latency during the Dix-Hallpike maneuver in posterior-canal BPPV, and during the supine roll test in lateral-canal BPPV. Positioning the head in the opposite direction usually reverses the direction of the nystagmus. The duration, frequency, and symptom intensity of BPPV vary depending on the involved canals and the location of otolithic debris. Spontaneous recovery may be expected even with conservative treatments. However, canalit reposition maneuvers usually provide an resolution of symptoms by clearing the canaliths from the semicircular canal into the vestibule

Keywords:

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, Semicircular canal, Canalith Repositioning Maneuvers, Rehabilitation,

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