Empirical analysis of the spatial distribution of organised food retailers in Ankara with regard to neighbourhoods' social, economic and physical characteristics

Kentleşme süreçleri ile perakende coğrafyasının dönüşümü arasındaki ilişki, 1900lerin başından beri, kent planlama, coğrafya ve toplumbilim alanlarının ilgi odağı olmuştur. Geliştirilen farklı yaklaşımlar bu ilişkinin farklı boyutları üzerinde yoğunlaşmış, iki süreç arasındaki etkileşimin parçalarını nedensellikler üzerinden açıklamayı amaçlamıştır. Bu yazıda, Ankara kenti üzerine yapılan araştırma bulgularından yola çıkılarak geçmiş yaklaşımların parçacıl açıklamalardan öteye gitmediği, etkileşim sürecinin bütününü anlamaya ve bu bütüne müdahale etmeye yönelik açılımlar sağlamadığı savunulmaktadır. Kentleşme ve perakende coğrafyası arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesindeki bu eksiklikten yola çıkan araştırma, kentsel gelişimin; kentlilerin toplumsal, ekonomik ve fiziksel özellikleri doğrultusunda şekillendiği savını Ankara kentindeki örgütlenmiş gıda perakendecilerinin mahalle özelliklerine göre dağılımı üzerinden doğrulamayı amaçlamıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Ankarada etkinlik gösteren 18 firmaya ait 516 örgütlü gıda perakende noktası bulundukları mahallelerle ilişkilendirilmiş ve bulunma oranları ile mahallelerin toplumsal, ekonomik ve fiziksel özellikleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, örgütlü gıda perakende firmalarının mahallelerin toplumsal, ekonomik ve fiziksel özelliklerine göre yer seçmekte olduğunu göstermiştir. Bulgulara göre firmalar, üstünlükleri söz konusu olan mahallelerde daha çok sayıda bulunurken olumsuz konumdaki mahallelerde daha az varlık göstermektedirler. Sonuç olarak, kent-perakende gelişim ilişkisi üzerinde geliştirilecek yeni bir yaklaşımın ancak kentin toplumsal, ekonomik ve fiziksel özelliklerini etkileyen kentsel politik iktisadın gerçeklerini içererek bütüncül ve gerçeğe yakın bir modelleme sunacağı ileri sürülmektedir.

Ankara Kentindeki örgütlü gıda perakendecilerinin; Mahallelerin toplumsal, ekonomik ve fiziksel özelliklerine göre yer seçimi üzerine deneysel bir çözümleme

Commercial activities are considered to be a very important part of urbanisation process due to both its economic role and its importance in the social reproduction inhabitants. Today, with the increasing specialisation in economic activities and sophistication of daily lives the peculiar role of retailing solidified more and consequently the number of retail based studies have increased to a considerable degree in recent years. Based on this view, the paper aims to develop a research path with special emphasis on retailings contribution on social and economic structure of cities. In defining the aim as above, retail activities are seen as an inseparable part of general urbanisation process and it is hypothesised that retail activities tend to follow already established social and economic variations, sometimes lessen but mostly aggravating them. The trend necessitates political economic explanations that encompass both the formation of social and economic differentiations and urbanisation process in a comprehensive way. To this end various retail theories are analysed in relation with their social and economic structure of cities and a new approach is proposed on the basis of the case of Ankara. The paper initiates with the brief summary and critique of theories that consider production of retail environments as a part of general urbanisation process and explain the retail development in relation with urban dynamics. To this end, some theories that consider retailing individually in a rather isolated way, were not taken into account (Annex 1). The first part starts with ecological theories and continues with normative spatial theories that include both central place theories and spatial interaction models. The section is terminating with postmodern approaches. The second part of the paper is devoted to the case of organised food retailers (OFRs) in Ankara. This part aims to prove the relationship between socio economic characteristics of the neighbourhoods and OFR presence. In the third and final part the Ankara case is analysed with reference to literature about disadvantaged consumers and food-deserts, and proposals for further researches are developed.

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