ABD Örneği'nde Üçüncü Yol: Yoksulluğa ve Eşitsizliğe Yaklaşımı ve Yeni Sağ ile Bir Karşılaştırma

ABD’de Clinton Yönetimi’nce uygulanan üçüncü yol politikalar Keynesçi refah devleti uygulamalarında ve sosyal haklar alanında gerilemelere yol açmıştır. Ancak, bu politikalar çalışma refahı modelinin yerleşmesini ve bireysel sorumluluk vurgusunun artmasını sağlamıştır. Bu çerçevede, üçüncü yol yaklaşımda, çalışabilir yoksulların insan sermayelerini arttıracak ve genel olarak kişileri ‘yapabilir kılacak’ bir devlet anlayışı ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca, toplumsal adalet yerine hakkaniyet; gelir eşitliği ve minimum gelir güvencesi yerine fırsat eşitliği; ve gelirin yeniden dağıtımı yerine de fırsatların yeniden dağıtımı savunulmuştur. Bu makalede, üçüncü yol yaklaşımın özellikleri ortaya konulduktan sonra, ABD örneğinde Clinton Yönetimi’nce yoksulluk ve eşitsizlikle ilgili olarak uygulanan üçüncü yol politikalar gözden geçirilmektedir. Ayrıca, bu iki temel alanda üçüncü yol uygulamaların sonuçları tartışılmakta ve yeni sağ uygulamalarla bir karşılaştırması yapılmaktadır.

The Third Way in the Case of the USA: Its Approach to Poverty and Inequalities and a Comparision with the New Right

The third way policies implemented by Clinton Administration in the USA furthered the loses in the areas of social rights and Keynesian welfare state. However, these policies helped to establish a model of workfare and to increase amphasis on individual responsibilities. Accordingly, a model of an ‘enabling’ state was presented which would build the human resources of the employable poor and enable individuals in general. In addition, third way policies were erected upon the principles and values of equity rather than social justice; equality of opportunities rather than income equality and a right to minimum income; and redistribution of opportunities rather than income redistibution. In this article, after the presentation of the third way perspective, third way policies on poverty and inequalities in the case of the USA are reviewed. Besides, the consequences of the policies particularly on these two issues are discussed and compared with new right policies.

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