This study aims at analyzing the philosophical backgrounds, on which the modern methods of criticism, such as structuralism, semiotics, stylistics and reception theory. In the study, it is tried to show that these methods, in their practical principals, are remarkably influenced by various philosophical movements such as Idealism, Realism, Marxism, Existentialism and Phenomenology as well as the strict relationship between Modern Literary Criticism and Philosophy and the dimensions of this interrelation.