FACTORS INFLUENCING TEACHERS' MOTIVATION AND STRATEGIES TAKEN TO IMPROVE THEIR MOTIVATION BY PRINCIPALS: ETHIOPIA AS A SAMPLE

The overall purpose of this study was to investigate principals and teachers' views about factors influencing primary school teachers' motivation and strategies taken to improve motivation. A holistic multiple case study was used. The working group consisted of two principals and six teachers. The researchers developed a semistructured interview form and ensured its validity and reliability by doing a pilot study. As a result, teachers' responses reported that school, salary, living conditions, quantity, and equity of incentiverelated factors are the major factors influencing primary school teachers' motivation. On another side of the group, principals reported that salaryrelated factors are the major factors influencing teachers' motivation. Secondly, teachers reported giving cash rewards, free resources, other gifts; and giving support in ideas as the most common effective strategies principals of schools used to motivate teachers. Principals also reported creating open communication, giving cash rewards, resources, and other gifts, empowering teachers, giving support in ideas, making participatory decision making as the most common effective strategies they used to motivate teachers.

İLKÖĞRETIM ÖĞRETMENLERININ MOTIVASYONUNU ETKILEYEN FAKTÖRLER VE OKUL YÖNETICILERININ UYGULADIKLARI STRATEJILER: ETIYOPYA ÖRNEĞİ

Bu çalışmanın amacı, müdür ve öğretmen görüşlerine göre ilköğretim öğretmenlerinin motivasyonunu etkileyen faktörleri ve onların motivasyonunu artırmak için okul yöneticilerinin uyguladıkları stratejileri incelemektir. Çalışma, nitel araştırma yönteminde ve bütüncül çoklu durum çalışması olarak desenlenmiştir. Çalışma grubu iki müdür ve altı öğretmenden oluşmuştur. Veri toplamak amacıyla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın geçerliliğini sağlamak üzere iki akademisyenin soru formunu incelemesi sağlanmış ve görüşleri doğrultusunda düzeltmeler yapıldıktan sonra pilot çalışma yapılarak nihai form elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, öğretmenlerin verdiği yanıtlara göre maaşın, okulun yaşam koşullarının, teşvik edici faktörlerin miktarı ve eşitliğinin öğretmenlere eşit olarak dağılımının ilköğretim kurum öğretmenlerinin motivasyonunu etkileyen ana faktörler olarak belirtildiği görülmüştür. Öte yandan müdürler maaşla ilgili faktörlerin öğretmenlerin motivasyonunu etkileyen ana unsur olduğunu bildirmiştir. Öğretmenlere göre en yaygın etkili stratejiler olarak okul müdürlerinin öğretmenleri motive etmek için nakit ödüller, maddi olmayan ödüller ve diğer hediyeler ve fikirlerle destek verdiklerini bildirmişleridir. Müdürler ayrıca açık iletişim oluşturmayı, para ödüllerini, kaynakları ve diğer hediyeleri vermeyi, öğretmenleri güçlendirmeyi, fikirlerle destek vermeyi, katılımcı karar kullanmayı öğretmenleri motive etmek için en yaygın ve etkili stratejiler olarak kullandıklarını bildirmiştir.

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