Peyzaj Mimarlığında Alternatif Bir Öğrenme Aracı: Film Peyzajları ve Potansiyel Katkıları

Film yeni bir teknoloji değildir ve peyzaj mimarlığı bağlamında potansiyel bir eğitim ve araştırma aracı olabilir. Peyzaja ilişkin araştırmalarda kelimeler bilmenin geçerli yolu olmakta ve görsel olan “öteki” olarak kalmaktadır. Oysa film peyzajlarının da içinde yer aldığı görsel araştırmalar aracılığıyla kelimeler ile görüntüler ve peyzaj mimarlığı uygulamaları ile teorileri arasında verimli ilişkiler kurulabilir. Film peyzajlarının peyzaj mimarlığı eğitim ve araştırmalarında yeterince yaygın olmadığı kabulünden yola çıkarak bu çalışmada potansiyel kullanımları ve katkıları tartışılmıştır. Film peyzajlarını ele alan film, beşeri coğrafya, sosyoloji ve mimarlık araştırmaları detaylıca taranmış, film peyzajları aracılığıyla irdelenen konular saptanmış ve bunların peyzaj mimarlığıyla ilişkileri tartışılmıştır. Film peyzajları aracılığıyla temelde iki alana yönelik tartışmalar yürütülmüştür; insan-insan/insan-çevre ilişkisinin anlaşılması ve peyzaj mimarlığı/mimarlık eğitiminde kullanımları. Film peyzajları aracılığıyla modernizmin etkileri, cinsiyet rolleri, savaş-yıkım, sömürgecilik tarihi, insanın psikolojik süreçleri, çevresel sorunlar ve farkındalık gibi çok çeşitli konuların ele alınabildiği görülmüştür. Bunlar yanında film peyzajlarının mekânsal tasarıma algısal, kavramsal ve sosyal katkılarının neler olabileceği, bunların peyzaj mimarlığı eğitiminde nasıl kullanılabileceği de tartışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak film peyzajlarının hiçbir zaman insan eylemleri ve anlamlarından bağımsız salt fiziki bir ortam olarak ele alınmadığı, tersine karmaşık ilişkiler sergileyen, açık uçlu ve çok katmanlı bir yapı olarak ortaya koyulduğu görülmüştür. Bu, peyzaj mimarları için tasarım sürecinde peyzajın içerdiği ilişkiler ve süreçlerin karmaşıklığının daha iyi anlaşılması ve çevresel farkındalığın artırılması anlamlarına gelir. Ayrıca eğitim boyutunda film peyzajlarının üç boyutlu düşünme, senaryo geliştirme ve mekân-zaman, mekân-hareket ilişkisinin anlaşılması gibi konularda yardımcı olabileceği de ortaya koyulmuştur.

An Alternative Learning Tool in Landscape Architecture: Filmic Landscapes and Their Potential Contributions

Film is no new technology and can be a potential teaching and research tool in landscape architecture context. In landscape architecture researches words are pertinent way for knowing and the visual remains Other. However, fruitful relationships between words and images and between practices and theories of landscape architecture can be develeoped through critical visual studies in which filmic landscapes are included. Based on the assumption that film landscapes are not sufficiently widespread in landscape architecture education and research, their potential uses and contributions are discussed in this study. Film, human geography, sociology and architectural researches that considered filmic landscapes were scanned in detail, the subjects discussed through film landscapes were determined and their relations with landscape architecture were discussed. Through the landscapes of the films, there were basically two debates; understanding of human-human / human-environment relationship and their use in landscape architecture/architectural education. Through filmic landscapes, it has been seen that various issues such as the effects of modernism, gender roles, war-destruction, history of colonialism, psychological processes of human beings, environmental problems and awareness can be addressed. In addition to these, the perceptual, conceptual and social contributions of filmic landscapes to spatial design, and how these can be used in landscape architecture education are also discussed. As a result, it has been revealed that filmic landscapes have never been considered as a purely physical environment independent of human actions and meanings, but rather as an open-ended and multi-layered structure with complex relationships. For landscape architects this means a better understanding of the complexity of the relationships and processes involved in the landscape in the design process and increasing their environmental awareness. In addition, it has been revealed that filmic landscapes can help in three dimensional thinking, scenario development and understanding space-time, space-movement relationship in educational context.

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Filmografi
Avatar (2010) Yönetmen, James Cameron.
Lawrence of Arabia (1962) Yönetmen: David Lean.
Like Father (2001) Yönetmenler, Richard Grassick, Ellin Hare, Sirkka-Liisa Konttinen, Murray Martin.
Lord of the Rings ( 2001-2003) Yönetmen, Peter Jackson.
My Neighbor Totoro (1988) Yönetmen, Hayao Miyazaki.
Piccola Terra (2012) Yönetmenler, Michele Trentini ve Marco Romano.
Places in the Heart (1984) Yönetmen, Robert Benton.
Red Desert (1964) Yönetmen, Michelangelo Antonioni.
Sheffield, City on the Move (1971) Yönetmen, Jim Coulthard.
The Spitfire Grill (1996) Yönetmen, Lee David Zlotoff.
The Story of the Weeping Camel (2003) Yönetmenler, Byambasuren Davaa, Luigi Falorni.
The Woodlanders (1998) Yönetmen, Phil Agland.