Güliz MUĞAN

Mekan ve Zaman Kullanım Davranışlarının Gençlerin Medeni Olmayan Davranışları Deneyimlemesindeki Rolü

Mekân, zaman kullanımının niteliksel anlamdaki önemli belirleyicilerinden kabul edilir. Bu çalışmada, zaman ve mekân arasındaki karmaşık ilişkinin, Ankara’daki kentli gençlerle yapılan bir araştırma yoluyla incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, bu çalışma, zaman ve mekân boyutlarının kentli gençlerin medeni olmayan davranışları algılama ve deneyimlemeleri üzerindeki etkisinin de altını çizmeyi hedefler. Medeni olmayan davranışlar gençlerin sokaktaki algıları ve deneyimleri üzerinden incelenmiştir. Yaklaşık 40 yıldır yaya bölgesi olan Sakarya Caddesi, çalışma sahası olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma, gözlem ve 82 kentli gençle yapılan yüz yüze görüşmelerin verilerinden faydalanmıştır. Zaman/mekân etkileşiminin medeni olmayan davranışlar üzerindeki etkisi günün farklı saatleri ve mevsimsel farklılıklar çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. İstatiksel analizlerle desteklenen niteliksel değerlendirme sonucu, sokağın fiziksel ve sosyal çevresinin ve gençlerin bu çevrelerle olan ilişkilerinin, gençlerin sokak kullanım ve zaman kullanım davranışlarıyla, medeni olmayan davranışları algı ve deneyimleri üzerinde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Gençler tarafından, Sakarya Caddesi’nin, akşam ve gece saatlerinde rahatsız edici insan gruplarının varlığı sebebiyle daha tehlikeli, korkutucu, tekinsiz ve uzak durulması gereken bir mekân olduğu belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu tespitin gençlerin cinsiyetine göre farklılaştığı da gözlemlenmiştir

The Role of Space and Time Use Behaviors in Shaping the Incivility Experience of Young People

Space can be considered as one of the important qualitative determinants of time-use. In this study, it is aimed to deal with the complexinteractions between space and time-use through a survey on the urban youth in Ankara. This study also aims to underline the impactof space and time dimensions on the way that urban youth perceive and experience incivilities. The issue of (in)civility was analyzed withthe help of experiences and perceptions of young people on a street. Sakarya Street, which has been a pedestrian area for 40 years, wasselected as the case of this research. The field survey combined observations and interviews with a sample of 82 young people. The roleof time/space interaction on uncivil behaviors was analyzed considering variations of daily and seasonal use of time. The qualitativeevaluation, which was supported by statistical analyses, indicated that the physical and social environments of the street context andyoung people’s relationships with that context are influential on their patterns of street use and time use behaviors as well as perceptionand experience of incivility. It was found that Sakarya was attributed as more dangerous, terrifying, unsafe and avoidable place duringevenings and nights due to its deserted appearance, reduced visibility and presence of unconforming groups of individuals. Furthermore,gender differences among urban youth seemed to be influential on attributing evening and nights as more dangerous and avoidabletime periods.

PDF

___

Bayer, Y. (2007, November 27). “Sakarya Caddesi haydut yatağı oldu.” Hürriyet. [On-line] Available:
Blöbaum, A. & Hunecke, M. (2005). “Perceived danger in urban space: The impacts of physical features and personal factors.” Environment and Behavior, 37 (4), 465-486.
Ceccato, V. & Uittenbogaard, A. C. (2014). “Space-time dynamics of crime in transport nodes.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 104 (1), 131-150.
Cops, D. (2013). “The role of autonomous mobility in public space on fear of crime among adolescents.” Journal of Youth Studies, 16 (8), 1105-1122.
Çolpa, Z. M. (2015). Convivial urban spaces: The case of Sakarya Street, Ankara. (Unpublished Master Thesis). Ankara: METU. Eldridge, A. (2010). “Public panics: Problematic bodies in social space.” Emotion, Space and Society, 3, 40-44.
Erkip, F. (2003). “The shopping mall as an emergent public space in Turkey.” Environment and Planning A, 35, 1073-1093.
Erkip, F. & Mugan, G. (2007). “The analysis of time-space interaction as a subjective measure of time-use: A case study in Ankara, Turkey.”, paper presented at the IATUR Conference, Washington, DC, October 17-19.
Fyfe, N., Bannister, J. & Kearns, A. (2006). “(In)civility and the city.” Urban Studies, 43 (5/6), 853-861.
Held, N. (2015). “Comfortable and safe spaces? Gender, sexuality and ‘race’ in night-time leisure spaces.” Emotion, Space and Society, 14, 33-42.
Hendry, L. B., Shucksmith, J., Love, J. G. & Glendinning, A. (1993). Young people’s leisure and lifestyles. London: Routledge.
Jackson, P. (1998). “Domesticating the street: the contested spaces of the high street and the mall.” In N. Fyfe, (Ed.) Images of the street: Representation, experience and control in public space. (pp. 176-191) London: Routledge.
Konrad Adenauer Foundation (1999). Turkish youth 98: The silent majority highlighted. İstanbul: İstanbul Mülkiyeliler Foundation Social Research Center (İMV-SAM).
Lieberg, M. (1994). “Appropriating the city: Teenagers’ use of public space.” In S. J. Niery, M. S. Symes & F. E. Brown (Eds.) The urban experience: A people-environment perspective (pp. 321-333) London: E & FN Spon.
Loader, I., Girling, E. & Sparks, R. (1998). “Narratives of decline: Youth, dis/order and community in an English ‘middletown’.” British Journal of Criminology, 38 (3), 388-403.
Malone, K. (2002). “Street life: Youth, culture and competing uses of public space.” Environment & Urbanization, 14 (2), 157-168.
Malone, K. & Hasluck, L. (1998). “Geographies of exclusion: Young people’s perceptions and use of public space.” Australian Institute of Family Studies: Family Matters, 49, 20-26.
Matthews, H., Limb, M. & Taylor, M. (2000). “The ‘street as third space’.” In S. L. Holloway & G. Valentine, (Eds.) Children’s geographies. (pp. 63-79) London: Routledge.
Mugan, G. (2009). Perception and experience of incivility by urban youth: A field survey in Ankara. (Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis). Ankara: Bilkent University.
Mugan, G. & Erkip, F. (2009). “Discrimination against teenagers in the mall environment: A case from Ankara, Turkey.” Adolescence. 44 (173), 209-232.
Ozdemir, A. & Yilmaz, O. (2008). “Assessment of outdoor school environments and physical activity in Ankara’s primary schools.” Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28, 287-300.
Philips, T. & Smith, P. (2006). “Rethinking urban incivility research: Strangers, Bodies and circulations.” Urban Studies, 43 (5/6), 879-901.
Punch, S. (2000). “Children’s strategies for creating play spaces.” In S. L. Holloway & G. Valentine (Eds.) Children’s geographies. (pp. 48-62) London: Routledge.
Robin, M., Police, A. M. & Couty, C. (2007). “Development of a scale of perceived environmetal annoyances in urban settings.” Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27, 55-68.
Staeheli, L. A. & Mitchell, D. (2006). “USA’s destiny? Regulating space and creating community in American shopping malls.” Urban Studies, 43 (5/6), 977-922.
TUIK [TURKSTAT] (2008). Zaman kullanım istatistikleri 2006.
[Time-use statistics 2006]. Ankara: TUIK Matbaası.
Turhanoğlu, A. K. (2014). “Historical witness of the space for social relations: Ankara Kızılay Square.” The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social and Community Studies, 8, 23-34.
Valentine, G. (2001). Social geographies: Space and society. Harlow: Prentice Hall. Vanderbeck, R. M., & Johnson, J. H. (2000). “ “That’s the only place where you can hang out”: urban young people and the space of the mall.” Urban Geography, 21(1), 5-25.
Wooley, H. (2006). “Freedom of the city: Contemporary issues and policy influences on children and young people’s use of public open space in England.” Children’s Geographies, 4 (1), 45-59.
Yetkin, S. (2004). Urban culture and space relations: Sakarya Caddesi as an entertainment space in Ankara. (Unpublished Master Thesis). Ankara: METU.
Zaman (2003, May 21). “Sakarya Caddesi’nin çehresi değişiyor.” [On-line] Available: