Mahallede Aidiyet Duygusunun Kaybı, Yerinden Edilme ve Sosyal Dışlanma: Sarıgöl’de Kentsel Dönüşüm, İstanbul, Türkiye

Kentsel dönüşüm en çok gecekondu alanlarında gerçekleşmektedir. Bu süreçten en çok etkilenen grup ise gecekondululardır. Kentsel dönüşüm projeleri, mahallenin sosyal dokusunda değişime sebep olmasından dolayı pek çok sorunu beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı, İstanbul’da bir dönüşüm alanı olan Sarıgöl’deki süreçte ortaya çıkan sorunları aidiyet kaybı, yerinden edilme ve sosyal dışlanma kavramları bağlamında ele almaktır. Bir çok çalışmaya göre sosyal dışlanma, aidiyet duygusu kaybı ve yerinden edilme süreçleri ile beraber gelişmektedir. Kentsel dönüşüm süreciyle birlikte farklı sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik sınıflardan kişiler sosyal entegrasyon sağlanamadan bir arada yaşamak durumunda kalmaktadır. Alan çalışması için seçilmiş olan Sarıgöl, 1950’lerde yapılaşmanın başladığı bir gecekondu yerleşimidir ve günümüzde de Sarıgöl’de kentsel dönüşüm tüm hızıyla devam etmektedir. Alan araştırmasında derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılarak, değişen sosyal dinamiklerin analizi mahallelinin bu üç kavram için ifadeleri doğrultusunda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kentsel dönüşüm sürecinin toplumdaki olumsuz etkilerinin azaltılabilmesi için mahallenin sadece fiziksel değil sosyal dokusu için de yenilikçi çözüm önerileri sunulmalıdır. Yeni gelenlerin mahalleye aidiyet duymalarını, kalanların ise sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik farklılıkları aşmasını sağlayacak sosyal bağların kurulması ile sosyal ve ekonomik entegrasyon sağlanmalıdır.

Loss of Social Belonging, Displacement and Social Exclusion in the Neighborhood: Urban Redevelopment in Sarigol, Istanbul, Turkey

Urban redevelopment primarily occurs in shantytowns and the squatters are the most affected by it. The redevelopment projects canpotentially lead to countless problems within the neighborhood due to the spill-over effect it has on the social fabric of a community.The main objective of this article is to analyze one of the redevelopment site, Sarigol, in Istanbul and three of those problems caused bythe urban redevelopment: loss of social belonging, displacement and social exclusion. According to numerous studies, the fundamentalcause of social exclusion, regarded as loss of the sense of belonging and physical displacement, is that prior to urban redevelopment, themembers of various socio-cultural and economic social classes were living together without any social integration. The town of Sarigol,which was chosen for fieldwork, was established as a shantytown in the 1950’s and today, urban transformation continues there at fullspeed. In this research, in-depth interviews have been conducted in Sarigol and the effects of a changing social dynamic were analyzedwith regard to residents’ responses on urban redevelopment within the context of those concepts. To absorb the negative effects of theprocess, innovative changes have to be presented both for physical and social fabric of the neighborhood. In order to provide the socialand economic integration, social bonds which allow new comers to gain their sense of belonging and enable stabiles to overcome theirsocio-cultural and economic differences have to be built.

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