TO WHAT EXTENT HAS THE CASE LAW OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE ENSURED EFFECTIVE RIGHTS FOR TURKISH WORKERS IN THE EU?

Ekonomik sıkıntının yaşandığı dönemlerde ülkelerin kendi içlerinde gelir getirmeye yönelik göçler yaşandığı gibi, bazen bu göçler ülkelerin sınırlarını aşıp başka ülkelere kadar ulaşabilmektedir. 1960lı yılların başlarında Türkiyeden Batı Almanyaya ve diğer bazı Batı Avrupa ülkelerine yapılan göçler de aynı amacı taşımaktadır. Gelişen süreç içerisinde çalışmak amacıyla Batı Avrupa ülkelerine giden Türk işçilerinin ve yakınlarının durumları hukuken bazı tartışmaları beraberinde getirmiş, konuya ilişkin olarak Avrupa mahkemelerinden açıklayıcı nitelikte kararlar verilmiştir.

Adalet Divanının İçtihat Hukuku Türk İşçilerine AB Ölçeğinde Ne Derece Etkili Haklar Sağlamıştır?

Not only domestic migrations are observed within the country in order to bring in money during the periods of economic distress, but also these migrations cross the borders of the countries and reach other countries. The migrations experienced in the early 1960s from Turkey to West Germany and some other Western European Countries were with the same purpose. The situation of Turkish workers and their relatives who went to West Europe countries to work have, in the developing period, brought about some discussion and European Courts have rendered explanatory judgments concerning this issue.

___

Cohen, R., ( 2006) Migration and its Enemies Global Capital, Migrant Labour and the Nation-State, First Edition, Hampshire Craig, P., de Burca, G., (2008) EU LAW Text, Cases and Materials, Fourth Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Kudat, A., (1982), Living in Two Cultures The Socio-Cultural Situation of Migrant Workers and Their Families, Unesco Press, Paris.

Martin, P., Abella, M., and Kuptsch, C., (2005) Managing Labour Migration in the Twenty-First Century, Yale University Press, New Haven.

Peers, S., (1996), Towards Equality: Actual and Potential Rights of Third Country Nationals in the European Union, Common Market Law Review 33: 7-50.

Peers, S., EU Migration Law and Association Agreement, in Martenczuk, B., and van Thiel, S., (eds), (2008) Justice, Liberty and Security: New Challenges for EU External Relations, VUB Press, Brussels.

Shelly, T., (2007) Exploited Migrant Labour in the New Global Economy, Zed Books, New York.

Additional Protocol of 23 November 1970, Official Journal L 293, 29/12/1972. 0004-0056, 21970A1123 (01). On-line at: http:// eur -lex. europa. eu .eu /Lex Uri Serv /lex Uri Serv . Do ? Uri = CELEX : 2197OA (01) :EN :HTML. (Accessed 14/03/2010.)

Additional Protocol of 31 December 1977 Official Journal of the European Communities No L 361/1. On-line at: http:// www. Abgs. Gov. tr /files /AB İlişkileri/tur en relations/protocol 1977. pdf. (Accessed 14/03/2010.)

Additional Protocol of 13 June 2005, Council Decision of 13 June 2005, 2005/673/EC, L 254/68 EN Official Journal of the European Union 30/09/2005. On-line at: http: // www. abgs. gov.tr /files / AB İlişkileri / Tur En Relations /protocol 2005. pdf. (Accessed 14/ 03/ 2010.)

Ankara Agreement of 1963, Customs Union Between Turkey and the European Community. On-line at: http:// eur. lex.europa. eu/Lex Uri Serv /Lex Uriserv.do? uri=CELEX : 31964 Do 732 :EN :NOT. (Accessed 14/03/2010.)

Case C-210/97, Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber), 19 November 1998, Haydar Akman v. Oberkreisdirektor des Rheinisch-BergischenKreises, 61997JO210. On-line at: http://eur. lex.europa. eu/Lex Uri Serv /Lex Uriserv.do? uri=CELEX : 31964 Do 732 :EN :NOT. (Accessed 17/03/2010.)

Case C-484/07, Official Journal of the European Union, 12/01/2008, 2008/C 8/14, Fatma Pehlivan v. Sttatssecretaris van Justitiehtte. On-line at: http ://eur-lex. Europa. Eu/ LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2008 : 008 :008: 008 :EN :PD. (Accessed 15/03/2010.)

Case C-351/95, Selma Kadiman v. Freistat Bayern, 61995JO351, European Court Reports 1997 Page I-02133. On-line at: http: //eur- lex. Europa .eu/ smartapi/ cgi /sga doc ? Smartapi ! Celexplus ! Prod ! CELEX numdoc& lg =en&numdoc= 61991 JO 351. (Accessed 16/03/2010.)

Case C-386/95, Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber), 29 May 1997, Süleyman Eker v. Land Baden-Würtenberg, 61995JO386, European Court Reports, p. I-02697. On-line at: http://eur-lex .europa. eu/smartapi/cgi/sga doc? Smartapi !celexplus!prod!CELEX numdoc& numdoc =695JO386. (Accessed 16/03/2010.)

Case C-171/97, Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber), 23 January 1997, Recep Tetik v. Land Berlin, 61995JO171. On-line at: http: //eur-lex .europa. eu/ LexUri Serv/Lex Uri Serv. Do?uri =CELEX : 61995JO171 :EN :HTML. (Accessed 16/03/2010.)

Case C-37/98 Savas (2000) ECR I-2927, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber), Minister voor Vreemdelingenzaken en Integratie v. T. Sahin,. On-line at : http ://www. Lex. Unict .it /eurolabor /en / documentation/ sentenze /09 / case 242- 06. pdf. (Accessed 16/03/2010.)

Case C-237/91 Kus (1992) ECR I-6781; Kazim Kus v. Landdeshauptstadt Wiesbaden 61991JO 237. On-line at: http: //eur- lex. Europa .eu/ smartapi/ cgi /sga doc ? Smartapi ! Celexplus ! Prod ! CELEX numdoc& lg =en&numdoc= 61991 JO 237. (Accessed 17/03/2010.)

Council of European Parliamentary Assembly, The Situation of Turkish Migrant Workers in Europe, (25 November 2004) Doc.10358 Rev. Online at: http:// assembly. coe. int/Documents/Working Docs/ doc 04/ e doc. (Accessed 14/03/2010.)

Decision No 1/80 of the Association Council of 19 September 1980 on the Development of the Association. On-line at: http: // 209. 85. 229. 132/ search? q=cache : XCK xhw2Tf9cJ : www.diyih. Gov.tr /files /uluslararası kuruluslar /ortaklık ant doc /okk 1 80 eng. Doc + % 22

Decision + 1/80%22& cd =1&hl= en & ct = clnk. (Accessed 14 /03/ 2010.)

Decision No 3/80 of the Association Council of 19 September 1980 on the Application of the Social Security Schemes of the Member States of the European Communities to Turkish Workers and the Members of Their Families. On-line at: http :// 66.102. 9. 132/search ? q=cache: bVOW-90a-fMJ: www . diyih. gov. tr/files / Uluslar arası kuruluslar / ab /ortaklık / ant doc /okk 3 80 eng.doc+EEC -Turkey +Decision +3/80&cd&hl en&ct =clnk & gl = uk. (Accessed 14/03/ 2010.)

Directive 2004/38/ EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the Right of Citizens of the Union and Their Family Members to Move and Reside Freely Within the Territory of the Member States, in Foster, N.G., (2009-2010) Blackstone's EU Treaties & Legislation, 20th Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 29 May 1997, Süleyman Eker v. Land Baden -Württemberg, Case C-386/95. On-line at: http :// eurlex.europa. eu/ smartapi/cgi/sga -doc?smartapi! Celexlus!prod!CELEXnumdoc=695JO386. (Access date?)

Judgment of the Court, 21 October 2003, Eray Atabay and Others v. Bundesanstalt für Arbeit Case C-317/01. On-line at: http :// curia.europa.eu/jurisp /cgbin/form.plang=Eran-Atabay=100. (Accessed 14/03/2010.)

Judgment of the Court of 6 June 1995, Ahmet Bozkurt v. Staatssecretaris van Justitie Case -434/93 619 93 JO 434 61993 JO 434. (Accessed 17/03/2010.)

Nadi Sahin v. Bundesanstalt für Arbeit Case C-369/01. On-line at: http://www.eur. lex.europa. eu/Lex Uri Serv /Lex Uriserv.do? uri=CELEX : 31964 Do 732 :EN. (Accessed 15/03/2010.)

O.E.C.D., Manpower and Social Affairs Directorate Social Affairs Division, (1965) Adoptation of Rural and Foreign Workers To Industry, International Joint Seminar Final Report, International Seminars 1963-4, Paris.

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı Yurt Dışında Bulunan Türk İşçilerinin Sayısı, (31/12/2006). On-line at: http: // www. calısma. gov.tr/diyih. gov. tr/articles.php? category id =224. (Accessed 14 /03/ 2010.)