THE LEGAL NATURE OF ELECTRONIC MONEY AND THE EFFECTS OF THE EU REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE ELECTRONIC MONEY MARKET

Para tarih boyunca şekil değiştiren bir olgu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Teknoloji ile genel değişim aracı olan para arasında güçlü bir bağlantı bulunmaktadır. İlkel çağlarda para olarak kullanılan materyaller incelendiğinde genel itibariyle doğal ortamda bulunabilecek basit bir yapıya sahip oldukları görülmektedir. Büyükbaş hayvanlar, tütün, deniz tuzu, deniz kabuğu gibi mallar buna örnek olarak gösterilebilir. Teknolojik gelişmeler ile birlikte paranın görünümü değim göstermiş metal veya kâğıt paralar teknik bir uygulama sonucunda kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Demir, bakır, gümüş ve altın para olarak kullanılan metallerin başında gelmektedir. Bunların içinden öz değeri olan altın ve gümüş uzun süre güvenilir bir para türü olarak varlık gösteriştir. Son zamanlarda teknolojik alanda yaşanan hızlı gelişmeler paranın görünümünün bir kez daha değişmesine sebep olmaktadır. Paranın elektronik ortama taşınmasının ilk aşaması olan banka hesabında bulunan sayısal ifadelerden ibaret olan banka parası, para kavramının artık elektronik veriler olarak ifade edilebileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Elektronik para bu durumu bir adım daha ileriye taşıyarak demir ve kağıt para yerine ikame edilebilecek dijital verilerin kullanımını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu yeni para türü kullanım ve maliyet açısından geleneksel parayla oranla birçok avantajlara sahiptir. Bu gelişmeler yakın gelecekte kâğıt ve demir para kullanımının tamamıyla ortadan kalkacağı öngörüsünü güçlendirmektedir. Bu çerçevede bu tez elektronik paranın hukuki niteliğini ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır. İlk bölümde paranın tanımı ve tarihi gelişimi incelenmiş olup, ikinci bölümde ödeme sistemlerinin teknik yapısı ve hukuki nitelikleri ortaya konulmaktadır. Son bölümde elektronik paranın hukuki niteliği incelenmiş olup Avrupa Birliğinde elektronik paraya ilişkin yapılan düzenlemenin elektronik para piyasasına ektileri ortaya konmaktadır

Elektronik Paranın Hukuki Niteliği ve AB Düzenlemelerinin Elektronik Para Piyasası Üzerindeki Etkileri

Money has changed its shape throughout the history. There was always a strong relationship between technology and money and other payment method. Among these materials, gold and silver were used as reliable money forms, due to the intrinsic value that they possess. When it is looked at the materials in that are used in the early times, it can be observed that they are basic and easy to find in a natural environment. Cattles, tobacco, sea salts and seashells are examples of these kinds of money. In the latter times, the appearances of the money have changed by the technological developments, and metals such as iron, cooper, silver and gold began to be used together with some form of paper money. With the rapid technological developments, we are entering a digital era, and paperless society is not a distant dream anymore. The bank money, which is represented by numerical expressions, showed that money can be represented electronically. Electronic money is the product of this new era that may replace cash in the near future. This new payment method has many advantages over the conventional payment methods. This paper explores the legal nature of electronic money and regulatory impacts on electronic money market. In this regard, the first effort was placed on the definition and historical development of money. The second part of dissertation is allocated to the legal and technical implementation of the payment methods. The last part critically analyses the regulatory structure in e-money market and addresses the legal nature of the electronic money.

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